6 DECEMBER

1888 - Filipino patriot and polymath Jose  Rizal  writes his Austrian friend Ferdinand  Blumentritt that he is sending a  Dutch-authored book he  describes as far  better than his own Noli Me Tangere (Touch  Me Not); the book referred to is the book of  Multatuli's (=Eduard Douwes Dekker),  which resembles the Noli but of a less  virulent tone; Rizal also briefly mentions  about his election as director of a  Madrid-based Filipino periodical.

1896 - The trial of Filipino polymath and patriot Dr. Jose Mercado Rizal for charges of sedition, rebellion and conspiracy by a Spanish military court commences; Rizal was implicated in the Philippine Revolution against Spain that erupted in August 1896 led by Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang  manga Anak nang Bayan  Supremo Andres Bonifacio y de Castro; Rizal will plead innocence, disowning the Katipunan himagsikan, but will still be found guilty of all charges.

1898 - Debates in the Senate hall of the  imperialist United States begin on the issue  of American 'authority' to acquire territories  and the right of the people of the fledgling  Philippine Republic to live independently and  freely;  a day earlier, William McKinley claimed with evil-level gall before the US Congress that they own the Philippines by force of law and equity ; some two weeks earlier, the government of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy appointed a diplomat "to seek official  recognition of the independence and  government of the Philippines and to prepare the establishment of relations with  them" but as Felipe Agoncillo y Encarnacion found no signs of the Bald Eagle moving to recognize the sovereignty of the country, he helped form a Commission that would travel to Washington and work at seeking American recognition of Filipino independence.

5 DECEMBER

1898 - Filipino Gen. Miguel Malvar telegraphs Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo, informing him of the unceasing work of imperialist American divers, with a subordinate Filipino officer ordering that the foreign divers be fired on in case they attempt to land; the reply of Aguinaldo, which comes amidst American invasion posturings and a mere two months before the outbreak of the Philippine-American War (1899-1914), is that he does not mind the Americans' working at sea, but they must not be allowed to land under any circumstance.

Imperialist American Invasion of the Philippines (1899-1914)

1899 - Imperialist American President William McKinley claims with such wicked-level gall that the Philippine Islands belong to them by force of law and equity while addressing the Congress of the Bald Eagle nation; McKinley's Republican administration earlier conned the United States Congress into voting for the annexation of the fledgling Philippine Republic by manipulating news of what was really a U.S. military orchestration of the provocation of the Philippine-American War (1899-1914); the address of McKinley came more than a year after he ridiculously and blasphemously defend his annexation of the newly declared Southeast Asian Republic (that earlier waged a successful revolution) by way of claiming that he heard the "voice of God" in the middle of the night of October 24, 1898 supposedly telling him that there was "nothing left for us to do but to take them all..."


Photo credit: http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/

4 DECEMBER

1594 - Spanish colonial Catholic prelate Msgr. Domingo de Salazar, O.P., responsible for erecting the Manila Cathedral in the colony the Philippines, is dead; Salazar had fearlessly defended the Filipinos against the abusive encomenderos and Spanish officials who had inflicted much injustices and suffering during the early decades of Spain's colonial rule over the Southeast Asian archipelago, and had led to a rapid depopulation trend among the natives.

1899- Exactly 10 months into the Philippine-American War (1899-1914), Filipino freedom fighters led by Gen. Manuel Tinio y Bundok attack the imperialist American garrison at Vigan, Ilocos Sur but were severely repulsed, leading to the death of around 100 native freedom fighters; eight days earlier, Vigan fell into the hands of the enemy invading American forces as United States warships U.S.S. Oregon, U.S.S. Samar, and U.S.S. Callao began to bombard the province on November 26, 1899; about two years earlier, the Americans deceptively began positioning  themselves as "ally" to the Filipino cause of  independence against the yoke of Spanish  colonization, which eventually led Philippine leader Emilio F. Aguinaldo to stupidly allow the infamous Mock Battle of Manila that falsely showed  to the world that it was the Bald Eagle forces and not the Filipinos that have defeated the colonial Spaniards  in the Southeast Asian islands.


Photo credit: http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/ilocosandcagayan1899.htm

3 DECEMBER

1574 - Chinese warlord and pirate Limahong leaves  Manila northward for the province of Pangasinan, establishing a kingdom near the mouth of the Agno River in the southeast Asian islands of the Philippines after  having been foiled in his plan to establish his own kingdom at Manila; Limahong, who managed to  become leader of some two to three thousand pirates and commandeering  as much as 95 ships  and has been wanted by the Chinese authorities;  Limahong invaded the northern Philippines a year earlier to escape the pursuing Chinese authorities,  first settling in Ilocos Sur before later attempting to invade  the relatively new and unprotected Spanish colonial  settlements in Manila.




Photo credit: http://www.elaput.org/limahong.htm

2 DECEMBER

1863 - Future Filipino revolutionary supreme leader  and unacknowledged First Philippine President (revolutionary  government) Andres Bonifacio y de Castro is baptized at the Tondo Catholic Church during the Spanish colonial era; Bonifacio will found the secret-society-turned revolutionary government Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang  manga Anak nang Bayan and lead the outbreak of the Revolution against Spain in 1896.


1899 - Filipino boy-general Gregorio del Pilar y Sempio, along with many of his 60-man rearguard is killed by enemy invading Americans in the Battle of Tirad Pass in the mountainous terrain near Candon, Ilocos Sur; the Battle is meant to allow Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, head of the fledgling Philippine Republic, to escape further to northern Luzon through the mountains; the massacre perpetrated by the 500-man 33rd Infantry Regiment under United States Major Peyton C. March comes amidst the imperialist American pursuit of Aguinaldo in the bid to crush the Philippine Republic government during the protracted and bloody Filipino-American War (1899-1914).

Publish Post

Photo credit:  http://arcticboy.arcticboy.com/picture-of-gregorio-del-pilar

1 DECEMBER

1749 - Sultan Ali Mudin (Alimuddin) of the Philippine island of Sulu expresses his desire to be converted into a Christian Catholic during the Spanish colonial era; a commission is then appointed  by Spanish colonial Gov. General Juan Arrechederra following the consent of Manila Archbishop Msgr. Pedro de la Santisima,  for  the task of instructing the Sultan as to the tenets of  the Catholic religion; the sultan's expression of desire to be baptized a Christian comes amidst the coup staged by his brother against him following Ali Mudin's forging of treaty with the Spaniards, provisions of which include acceding to the demand that the sultan prohibits allowing foreigners to reside in his dominion without knowledge of the Spanish authorities..

1899 - Nearly ten months into the  Filipino-American War (1899-1914, Filipino Gen. Gregoro H. del Pilar orders his men to march through Angake to Tirad and valiantly defend the pass near Candon, Ilocos Sur to enable Gen. Emilio F. Aguinaldo to escape away from the pursuing enemy American invaders; a nephew of the patriotic reformist, the "Great Propagandist," Marcelo H. del Pilar, Gregorio has taken active part in the earlier Propaganda Movement, such as in clandestinely circulating anti-friar materials and copies of the illegal propaganda periodical, La Solidaridad; he later joined the  secret-society-turned-revolutionary-government Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang  manga Anak nang  Bayan (KKK) and later became one of the youngest generals during the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution against Spain wherein he showed the uncanny combination of wit and muscle, figuring in the defense of Kakaron, attack of Paombong, and liberation of Bulacan.


Photo credit: http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2010/08/tirad-peak-1388-in-gregorio-del-pilar.html

30 NOVEMBER

 

1863 - Future Filipino revolutionary supreme leader  and unacknowledged First President (revolutionary  government) Andres Bonifacio y de Castro, is born  in Manila, the Philippines during the Spanish  colonial period; born to Catalina de Castro, a Spanish mestiza, and Santiago Bonifacio a tailor who serves as a teniente mayor (municipal official) of Tondo,  Bonifacio is the eldest in what would be a brood of  four boys and one girl would who become orphan at  a young age; the future "Father of the Philippine  Revolution" against Spain would self study and  support his siblings by engaging in the family business of selling fans and canes before helping establish the  secret society Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang  manga Anak nang  Bayan (KKK) and ultimately turning it  into a revolutionary government following its  premature discovery in the latter part of 1896.



Raw Photograph: Museo Villalolid Site

29 NOVEMBER

Hen. Luciano San Miguel

1898 - The Filipino representatives of the Malolos Congress approve the Constitution of the fledgling  Philippine Republic more than five months after Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy declared the Independence of  the Southeast Asian nation but three months after the infamous Mock Battle of Manila in which the United  States colluded with Spain in falsely making it  appear that the Americans, instead of the Filipinos,  were the ones who overcame the colonial Spaniards  in the islands; the Malolos Constitution is noted for  its provision separating the church and state and  for recognizing the equality of all forms of worship.


1899 - One year and nearly ten months into the  protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914),  imperialist military officer Arthur. MaArthur reports from Bayambang,  Pangasinan as to Col. J. Franklin Bell's encounter  with the Filipino freedom fighters led by Generals Luciano San Miguel and Jose Alejandrino; the series of battles occurred in a mountain west of Mangatarem, with  the native forces forced to scatter and the  pale-skinned enemy invaders being able to capture  all all their quick-firing and Krupp guns,  ammunition, powder factory and arsenal, with  thousands of pounds of lead and sheet copper, all  their transportation, engineering tools, clothing,  and food supplies; Bayambang, Pangasinan would be the last seat of the Philippine Republic that Aguinaldo left on  November 13 in his march towards Isabela; days earlier, the towns of Vigan in Ilocos Sur and Bayombong in Nueva Ecija have fallen to the vile imperialist Bald Eagle forces.

28 NOVEMBER

1899 - Nearly ten months into the bloody and  protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914),  Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya surrenders to the  invading enemy Americans led by Lt. Monroe of the  Fourth; Monroe commands the advance party of the 50 Bald Eagle soldiers on Carranglan train, two days after Vigan, Ilocos Sur fell as well to the imperialist  North American invaders; about two years earlier, the Americans deceptively began positioning  themselves as "ally" to the Filipino cause of  independence against the yoke of Spanish  colonization, which eventually led Philippine leader Emilio F. Aguinaldo to stupidly allow the infamous Mock Battle of Manila that false that falsely showed  to the world that it is the Americans and not the Filipinos that have defeated the colonial Spaniards  in the Southeast Asian archipelago.

Imperialist U.S. Gen. John J. Pershing

1909 - Imperialist American Gen. John J. Pershing  is appointed military governor of the major island  of Mindanao, nearly 10 years and 10 months into  the protracted and bloody Philippine-American War  (1899-1914); also referred to as "Black Jack,"  Pershing, who earlier either was sent or requested transfer  to the Philippines in the first year of the Fil-Am War  as U.S. Army Captain, would later be known for  helping inflict "thousands of civilian casualties"  during the extensive military operations against  Filipino Muslims on Jolo; he will be the subject of a supposed legend--of having crushed tenacious Muslim resistance to imperialist American rule by the threat of contaminating their bodies with dirty pig blood before or while killing them and even wrapping their dead bodies with pigskin before burial.

27 NOVEMBER

1623 - Spanish King Charles V confirms the permission  granted the Dominican friars by the governor and  archbishop of the colony, the Philippines, as to the  establishment of a college in Manila (what would be the University of Santo Tomas), several decades after colonial settlements were first built in  the Southeast Asian archipelago; the college originally organized as the Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Santisimo Rosario in 1611 would become the University of Santo Tomas following the issuance of a Papal bull by Pose Innocent X; the college would be the only Royal and Pontifical University in Asia, as well as the oldest outside in Asia and even older than the Harvard University in North America. 


Photo credit: http://www.thompsonsanders.com/Assets/Pages/Nashville_Pages/My_Story.htm

26 NOVEMBER

1899 - The Philippine province town of Vigan, Ilocos province is captured by the invading enemy Americans under Lieutenant-Commander MCrackin's  Oregon landing forces more than nine months into the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914); a month and 2 weeks earlier, the imperialist United States decided to launch a major offensive in its wicked war of invasion against the fledgling Philippine Republic; the Americans had earlier conned Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, the native revolutionary leader, into believing that they were the Filipinos' allies in the war of independence against Spain, which made Aguinaldo stupidly allow the infamous Mock 
 Battle of Manila that falsely showed to the world that it is the Bald Eagle soldiers and not the Philippine force that have defeated the colonial Spaniards in the Southeast Asian archipelago.

1898 - The fledgling Philippine Republic is authorized to issue paper money in the amount of three million pesos,  redeemable in three years; the authorization is issued by  the Malolos Congress that opened in September this year  amidst Gen. Emilio F. Aguinaldo's earlier Declaration of   Philippine Independence and imperialist American  posturing to invade the new Southeast Asian nation; the  Aguinaldo government will issue peso banknotes with the  text "Republica Filipina Papel Moneda de Un Peso" on  obverse, along with copper coins. 


Photo credit: http://philmoney.blogspot.com/search/label/revolutionary%20period

25 NOVEMBER

Imperialist U.S. Gen. Henry W. Lawton, Fil-Am War

1899 - Nine months into the protracted  Filipino-American War (1899-1914), some 115  Spanish prisoners, $75,000 Philippine Republic  money, and other properties are captured near  Tayug, Pangasinan, by the troops of imperialist  United States General Henry Ware Lawton; the  sizable capture came less than a month before   Lawton, veteran of the Indian pacification wars,  including the Geronimo campaign, will be felled by  the sharpshooting Tiradores de la Muerte  (Marksmen of Death) troops of another  Geronimo--Filipino Gen. Licerio Geronimo-- in what  would be the Philippines' biggest prey catch in their  war for freedom against the invading Bald Eagles.

1804 - The Spanish King receives the  recommendation for the nationalization of churches  in the colony, the Philippines, from  Governor-General Rafael Maria de Aguilar y Ponce de Leon; some nine years earlier on June 13, 1795,  a royal decree had underlined the spiritual  development of the curacies in the colony; de  Aguilar, who serves from 1793-1806 and  responsible for opening Manila to foreign trade, will  later express his regard of the Philippine Islands as  "the most valuable colony in the world," being "so  extensive, so valuable and so productive."


Photo credit: Filipiniana.net

24 NOVEMBER

1892 - The first railroad line in the Philippines,  covering a distance of 195 km. from Manila to  Dagupan, is open during the waning years of the  Spanish colonial period; the Manila-Dagupan  railroad, said to have been built by the British, is  one of the three railroad lines proposed by the colonial Spaniards, with the second and third lines to be realized under the imperialist American rule.

 
1898 - San Jose, Antique is occupied by the expeditionary revolutionary forces of Gen. Leandro  Fullon y Locsin during the second phase of the Philippine  Revolution against Spain; Fullon's forces aboard the flagship Isabela landed on Antique some two months earlier and began liberating many towns of the  province; following the capitulation of San Jose, these officials are named to head Antique:  Angel Salazar, Sr., Governor; Santos Capadocia,  Vice-Governor; Anacleto Villavert Jimenez and Jose  Fontanilla, Councilor of Justice; Anselmo Alicante, Councilor of Internal Revenue and Vicente Gella,  Representative of Malolos; Fullon would later join forces with Gen. Teresa Magbanua who has successfully repulsed the Spaniards in Capiz, Iloilo.







Photo credit: http://ilonggonation.blogspot.com/

23 NOVEMBER

1900 - One year and nine months into the Philippine  American War (1899-1914), imperialist Lt.-Col.  John Mallory suggests that the United States  government suppress the Hongkong Committee by  making representations with the Hongkong  government; the Hongkong Committee/Junta, which is traced to the "Filipino Revolutionary Committee" based in Hong Kong that was formed in response to the call of Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang  manga Anak nang  Bayan (KKK) Supremo Andres Bonifacio y de Castro's call for Revolution, has evolved to mainly engage in procuring ordinance for the revolutionary soldiers following the Pact of Biak-na-Bato; the Hongkong Junta later served as the representative of Emilo Aguinaldo's government with the Spaniards in the negotiations to secure Filipinos' support in the Spanish-American War before leaning over to ally with the U.S.; as America revealed its vile true intention of invading the Philippines, the Hong Kong Committee began expanding its composition to strengthen its funds and arms acquisition campaign and propaganda efforts, including international recognition of Filipino independence. 


Photo credit: http://www.filipinoforum.net/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4992

22 NOVEMBER

1877 - Cecilio Apostol, future Filipino poet, lawyer, and newspaperman, is born in Santa Cruz, Manila   during the colonial Spanish period;  he would write for the revolutionary newspaper La Independencia  (official organ of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo's Philippine  Republic) under the pen name Catulo and later  espouse Filipino independence from imperialist American rule; writing in Spanish and, later, English, his "Pentelicas" would be regarded as a masterpiece of Filipino writing in the Spanish language.

1894 - Jose Corazon de Jesus y Pangilinan, future Filipino nationalist Tagalog writer, poet and "King of  Balagtasan" (duplo joust), is born in Santa Cruz  Manila; de Jesus would also be known as "Huseng  Batute," his pen name for his Buhay Maynila column  in the Taliba where he satirizes society under  the imperialist American rule and also espouse  independence for the Philippines; to finish but not  practice law, de Jesus, along with his contrived opponent Florentino Collantes, would re-popularize balagtasan and would also write musical lyrics for  Nicanor Abelardo, Crispino Reyes  (Arimundingmunding), and others.


1902 - One year and nine months into the bloody  and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914),  the colonial United States invaders lays the  121-kilometer submarine cable from Romblon,  Romblon, to Boac, Marinduque.