15 DECEMBER

Mural of Andres Malong Revolt

1660 - The first cry of Filipino  rebellion is raised by Andres Malong, a  native staff officer in the Spanish  forces, in Pangasinan about a century  into the Spanish colonization of the Southeast Asian archipelago and on the  very day that a volcano is discovered in  Lingayen, this province; Malong's revolt  targeted only the colonial government officials and not the friars who early on considered the natives as siblings and because Malong himself firmly believed in Christianity; the revolt of Malong that would rage until 1661, unfortunately, would be quelled with the help of  Filipino conscripts from the provinces of Pampanga, Zambales, and even from Pangasinan itself.


1875 - Future Filipino revolutionary  Emilio Jacinto y Dizon, the so-called  "Brains of the Katipunan" (secret- society-turned-revolutionary-government   Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan), is born in Tondo,  Manila; Jacinto would become secretary, fiscal, and a military leader, editor of Kalayaan, the newspaper of the  Katipunan and confidante of the Supremo Andres Bonfacio y de Castro during the  Philippine Revolution against Spain; Jacinto would join the Katipunan while still a pre-law student at the University of Santo Tomas, and would go on to occupy several posts, including being elected as fiscal or No. 2 official in the Supreme Council of the Katipunan, KKK's Secretary,  and a military leader, with being Commanding General of the Northern District of Manila as his last position following the Supremo's appointment of him on April 15, 1897; following the power grab against, and the criminal assassination-cum-execution, of Bonifacio by the camp of Gen. Emilio F. Aguinaldo, Jacinto would remain loyal to his brotherly comrade Bonifacio, turning down the latter's invitation that he serve in the new revolutionary government; Jacinto will continue to lead Katipuneros to fight the enemy Spaniards and also the imperialist Bald Eagle forces during the subsequent Filipino-American War (1899-1914)  independent from the soldiers under Aguinaldo; Punong Hukbo Jacinto will die from malaria in the hills of Magdalena, Laguna.


Raw Photo Credit: http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/65vPYyxY29YPL6CT2mvgfA

14 DECEMBER

1897 - The Pact of Biyak-na-Bato, the truce between Spanish colonial forces and Filipino revolutionaries led by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldoy Famy, is signed on the conditions that the generals and Aguinaldo and his cabinet receive $400,000 and go on exile to Hongkong and on the part of the Spaniards, to institute reforms including the expulsion of the friars; the truce came as Aguinaldo's forces retreated to the mountainous area of San Miguel, Bulakan amidst a series of defeats suffered by the Filipino revolutionaries following the demoralization of Katipuneros who learned of Aguinaldo's power grab from, and execution, of the Supremo of the Philippine Revolution, Andres Bonifacio y de Castro, in May 1897; earlier, Bonifacio, leader/President of the underground society-turned-revolutionary-government Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan,  issued the Acta de Tejeros and the Naic Military Agreement that accused the [unnamed] camp of Aguinaldo for the treasonous act of negotiating for truce with the enemy Spaniards and also nullified the Tejeros election and newfound authority of Aguinaldo's camp on grounds of fraud in the March Tejeros Convention polls respectively.




Raw Photo Credit: http://asiaphilippines.net/main.php?g2_itemId=13419

13 DECEMBER

Bonifacio Arevalo y Flores

1920 - Filipino propagandist,  dentist and artist Bonifacio  Arevalo y Flores dies at the old  age of 70; Arevalo became the  treasurer of the reform movement  that Jose Rizal founded during the  Spanish colonial times, and later  on joined the Cuerpo de  Compromisarios, the faction of  former La Liga members that  embraced peaceful means in contrast  to the radical, pro-independence Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang  manga Anak nang  Bayan (KKK); Arevalo was also known  for attempting (but failing) to build a number of sari-sari or small retail stores to compete with  the more established Chinese stores and for forming an organization of  hat-makers and local weavers.

Jurist Manuel G. Araullo

1916 - Filipino jurist Manuel  Araullo y Gonzales is promoted  Associate Justice of the colonial  Supreme Court of the Philippines  during the period of American  Occupation; Araullo is noted for  maintaining independence from the  imperialist American authorities  when he acquitted Fernando Ma. Guerrero and Lope K. Santos in the libel case filed against the newspaper El  Renacimiento for its exposure of  the violations of the rights of  innocent civilians committed by the  Philippine Constabulary when running after criminals; in his  honor, the Manila Evening Grammar  School was renamed Araullo High  School in 1947.


Photo credits:

Wikipedia
WiliPilipinas.

12 DECEMBER

1888 - Twenty-one young women of Malolos, Bulakan in the colony the Philippines submit a petition to Spanish Governor-General Valeriano Weyler requesting permission to set up a night school that would teach them the Spanish language with a Latin professor, Teodoro Sandiko, as teacher; two months later, upon the prodding of the "Great Propagandist" Marcelo H. del Pilar, Filipino patriot and polymath Jose Rizal would later laud the lasses for their exceptionally courageous behavior in a letter entitled "To the Young Women of Malolos"; the petitioners are Alberta S. Uitangcoy, sisters Teresa, Maria, and Basilia V. Tantoco; Rufina T. Reyes; sisters Leoncia and Olympia S. Reyes; sisters Elisea and Juana Reyes; Sister Eugenia and Aurea Tanchangco; Anastacia M. Tiongson; sisters Basialia, Paz, Aleja, Mercedes, and Agapita Tiongson; and sisters Filomena, Cecilia, and Feliciana Tiongson. 


1899 - Only 10 months into the Philippine-American War (1899-1914), Daniel Tirona, an Emilio Aguinaldo loyalist,  surrenders his troops in Cagayan Valley before the enemy Bald Eagle forces; Tirona, then secretary of war of the Katipunan chapter Magdalo, was responsible for insulting secret-society-turned-revolutionary-government Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang  manga Anak nang  Bayan (KKK Supremo Andres Bonifacio  after being elected Interior Minister during the controversial Tejeros Convention and for earlier propagating poison letters against the latter;  the easy surrender of the Cagayan Valley forces would be ascribed to the "infamy, cowardice, and shamelessness of General Tirona," who would then subsequently infamously act as the personal servant of an American captain, bearing the insults of his former soldiers and civilians with such unmanly lack of pride, until his rapid promotion as the household's mayordomo.




Photo credit: WikiPilipinas

11 DECEMBER

1603 - The cabildo of the Cathedral informs the colonial King of Spain of the revolt of the Chinese and the subsequent conflagration in Manila in the Southeast Asian colony, the Philippines; earlier in September the same year, rumors of a Chinese uprising circulated about a week before it took place in October 3 when the Chinese in Manila gathered in Binondo and Tondo to battle the colonial Spanish soldiers in an uprising said to have been provoked by the Spaniards themselves; unfortunately, the Chinese were slaughtered by the thousands by the colonial forces that included Kapampangan and Japanese conscripts and even a company of Jesuits friars within only half a century of Spanish colonization; the 1603 slaughter of some 23,000 Chinese would be the first of a total of six massacres of Chinese under the Spanish colonial rule.




Photo credit: http://senorenrique.blogspot.com/2006_09_01_archive.html

10 DECEMBER

Jose M. Rizal - Andres C. Bonifacio

1896 - Filipino patriot -propagandist and polymath Jose Rizal y  Mercado petitions the Spanish colonial  authorities for permission to issue a manifesto  condemning the Philippine Revolution of 1896  and censuring the unauthorized use of his name  by revolutionary elements; Rizal, who had earlier been  arrested for his supposed association with Katipuneros,  members of the  secret-society-turned-revolutionary-government  Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan,  reckoned that the Katipuneros not  prepared enough for a revolution against Spain;  Rizal's major writings, the Noli Me Tangere and  El Filibusterismo, had inspired the initiator of  the Revolution, Supremo Andres Bonifacio y de Castro but  the former ultimately decided would have nothing of it, even offering his medical services to serve in another Spanish colony, Cuba, and regard the latter's Revolution as "highly  absurd."

9 DECEMBER

1898 - Filipino commander Juan Cailles telegraphs a confidential report to Philippine leader Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo regarding the presence of "three thousand Americans... in front of his position in Singalong," two months before the outbreak of the Philippine-American War (1899-1914); Aguinaldo, who rather unrealistically replies that "Three thousand American soldiers are few against my colonel and his three hundred soldiers, and I believe you have more than that number"; Aguinaldo had earlier been conned by the imperialist United States into thinking that the North Americans were allies and would honor Philippine independence, and stupidly allowed the free entry of G.I.s into the Southeast Asian archipelago, thus allowing the enemy U.S. forces to position themselves for the invasion of the Philippines. 

8 DECEMBER

1941 - Japanese planes attack United States  military installations in Pearl Harbor and in Baguio, Davao, and Clark Field in the American colony, the  Philippines, thus leading to the Pacific Theatre of World War II; the Japanese will later land in Pangasinan and head towards Manila, with the  colonial Commonwealth government leaders President Manuel Quezon and Vice-President Sergio Osmena evacuating to Corregidor fortress in Bataan, and later be further evacuating to the Visayan Islands and then to Mindanao from which point they will be finally picked up by U.S. B-17 bombers to fly  them to Australia for later transfer to Washington.



Photo credit: http://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-ii/axis-conquers-philippines.htm/printable

7 DECEMBER

1933 - The imperialist American colonial government led by Governor Frank Murphy signs the Woman Suffrage Bill in the United States colony, the Philippine Islands, even when Filipinas already exercised that right during the secret-society-turned-revolutionary-government Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan  revolutionary government some four decades earlier during the Himagsikan against Spanish colonial rule; later, the 1935 colonial Constitution of the Philippines will stipulate that the Filipina women be given the suffrage only if at least 300,000 women approve it and as it turned out, 447,725 women voted yes in the earlier 1937 referendum following the successful pro-suffrage campaign of the General Council of Women; the Bald Eagle nation itself, quite contrary to being a supposed bastion of democracy, gave the American women the right to vote in August 1920, some half a century after it first gave African-American men the suffrage right.

Photo credit: http://senorenrique.blogspot.com/2008_10_01_archive.html 

6 DECEMBER

Eduard Douwes Dekker

 1888 - Filipino patriot and polymath Jose  Rizal  writes his Austrian friend Ferdinand  Blumentritt that he is sending a  Dutch-authored book he  describes as far  better than his own Noli Me Tangere (Touch  Me Not); the book referred to is the book of  Multatuli's (=Eduard Douwes Dekker),  which resembles the Noli but of a less  virulent tone; Rizal also briefly mentions  about his election as director of a  Madrid-based Filipino periodical.


1898 - Debates in the Senate hall of the  imperialist United States begin on the issue  of American 'authority' to acquire territories  and the right of the people of the fledgling  Philippine Republic to live independently and  freely;  a day earlier, McKinley claimed with wicked-level gall before the U.S. Congress that they own the Philippines by force of law and equity ; some two weeks earlier, the government of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo appointed a diplomat "to seek official  recognition of the independence and  government of the Philippines and to prepare the establishment of relations with  them" but as Felipe Agoncillo found no signs of US moving to recognize the sovereignty of the country, he helped form a Commission that would travel to Washington and work at seeking American recognition of Filipino independence.

5 DECEMBER

1898 - Filipino Gen. Miguel Malvar telegraphs Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo, informing him of the unceasing work of imperialist American divers, with a subordinate Filipino officer ordering that the foreign divers be fired on in case they attempt to land; the reply of Aguinaldo, which comes amidst American invasion posturings and a mere two months before the outbreak of the Philippine-American War (1899-1914), is that he does not mind the Americans' working at sea, but they must not be allowed to land under any circumstance.

Imperialist American Invasion of the Philippines (1899-1914)

1899 - Imperialist American President William McKinley claims with such wicked-level gall that the Philippine Islands belong to them by force of law and equity while addressing the Congress of the Bald Eagle nation; McKinley's Republican administration earlier conned the United States Congress into voting for the annexation of the fledgling Philippine Republic by manipulating news of what was really a U.S. military orchestration of the provocation of the Philippine-American War (1899-1914); the address of McKinley came more than a year after he ridiculously and blasphemously defend his annexation of the newly declared Southeast Asian Republic (that earlier waged a successful revolution) by way of claiming that he heard the "voice of God" in the middle of the night of October 24, 1898 supposedly telling him that there was "nothing left for us to do but to take them all..."


Photo credit: http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/

4 DECEMBER

1594 - Spanish colonial Catholic prelate Msgr. Domingo de Salazar, O.P., responsible for erecting the Manila Cathedral in the colony the Philippines, is dead; Salazar had fearlessly defended the Filipinos against the abusive encomenderos and Spanish officials who had inflicted much injustices and suffering during the early decades of Spain's colonial rule over the Southeast Asian archipelago, and had led to a rapid depopulation trend among the natives.

Filipino patriots killed by imperialist Americans, Vigan

1899- Exactly 10 months into the Philippine-American War (1899-1914), Filipino freedom fighters led by Gen. Manuel Tinio attack the imperialist American garrison at Vigan, Ilocos Sur but were severely repulsed, leading to the death of around 100 native freedom fighters; eight days earlier, Vigan fell into the hands of the enemy invading American forces as United States warships U.S.S. Oregon, U.S.S. Samar, and U.S.S. Callao began to bombard the province on November 26, 1899; about two years earlier, the Americans deceptively began positioning  themselves as "ally" to the Filipino cause of  independence against the yoke of Spanish  colonization, which eventually led Philippine leader Emilio F. Aguinaldo to stupidly allow the infamous Mock Battle of Manila that falsely showed  to the world that it was the United State forces and not the Filipinos that have defeated the colonial Spaniards  in the Southeast Asian islands.


Photo credit: http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/ilocosandcagayan1899.htm

3 DECEMBER

1574 - Chinese warlord and pirate Limahong leaves  Manila northward for the province of Pangasinan, establishing a kingdom near the mouth of the Agno River in the southeast Asian islands of the Philippines after  having been foiled in his plan to establish his own kingdom at Manila; Limahong, who managed to  become leader of some two to three thousand pirates and commandeering  as much as 95 ships  and has been wanted by the Chinese authorities;  Limahong invaded the northern Philippines a year earlier to escape the pursuing Chinese authorities,  first settling in Ilocos Sur before later attempting to invade  the relatively new and unprotected Spanish colonial  settlements in Manila.


Photo credit: http://www.elaput.org/limahong.htm

2 DECEMBER

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Gen. Gregorio del Pilar, hero of Tirad Pass

1863 - Future Filipino revolutionary supreme leader  and unacknowledged First Philippine President (revolutionary  government) Andres Bonifacio y de Castro is baptized at the Tondo Catholic Church during the Spanish colonial era; Bonifacio will found the secret-society-turned revolutionary government Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang  manga Anak nang Bayan and lead the outbreak of the Revolution against Spain in 1896.


1899 - Filipino boy-general Gregorio del Pilar, along with many of his 60-man rearguard is killed by enemy invading Americans in the Battle of Tirad Pass in the mountainous terrain near Candon, Ilocos Sur; the Battle is meant to allow Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, head of the fledgling Philippine Republic, to escape further to northern Luzon through the mountains; the massacre perpetrated by the 500-man 33rd Infantry Regiment under United States Major Peyton C. March comes amidst the imperialist American pursuit of Aguinaldo in the bid to crush the Philippine Republic government during the protracted and bloody Filipino-American War (1899-1914).

Publish Post

Photo credit:  http://arcticboy.arcticboy.com/picture-of-gregorio-del-pilar

1 DECEMBER

1749 - Sultan Ali Mudin (Alimuddin) of the Philippine island of Sulu expresses his desire to be converted into a Christian Catholic during the Spanish colonial era; a commission is then appointed  by Spanish colonial Gov. General Juan Arrechederra following the consent of Manila Archbishop Msgr. Pedro de la Santisima,  for  the task of instructing the Sultan as to the tenets of  the Catholic religion; the sultan's expression of desire to be baptized a Christian comes amidst the coup staged by his brother against him following Ali Mudin's forging of treaty with the Spaniards, provisions of which include acceding to the demand that the sultan prohibits allowing foreigners to reside in his dominion without knowledge of the Spanish authorities..

1899 - Nearly ten months into the  Filipino-American War (1899-1914, Filipino Gen. Gregoro H. del Pilar orders his men to march through Angake to Tirad and valiantly defend the pass near Candon, Ilocos Sur to enable Gen. Emilio F. Aguinaldo to escape away from the pursuing enemy American invaders; a nephew of the patriotic reformist, the "Great Propagandist," Marcelo H. del Pilar, Gregorio has taken active part in the earlier Propaganda Movement, such as in clandestinely circulating anti-friar materials and copies of the illegal propaganda periodical, La Solidaridad; he later joined the  secret-society-turned-revolutionary-government Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang  manga Anak nang  Bayan (KKK) and later became one of the youngest generals during the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution against Spain wherein he showed the uncanny combination of wit and muscle, figuring in the defense of Kakaron, attack of Paombong, and liberation of Bulacan.


Photo credit: http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2010/08/tirad-peak-1388-in-gregorio-del-pilar.html