1 JULY

Gov-Gen Agustin   -  Gat Apolinario Mabini

1898 - Apolinario Mabini, chief adviser of Dictator Emilio Aguinaldo, requests permission to  proceed to Manila to persuade Spanish Governor-General Basilio Agustin to surrender to the  Filipinos during the second phase of the Philippine Revolution against colonial Spain;  exactly two years later, on July 1, 1900, Aguinaldo's decree providing that the highest authority in the  Catholic Church in the Philippines be the Military Vicar General recognized by the President  of the Philippine Republic becomes effective, thus regulating the exercise of  ecclesisastical jurisdiction by Catholic religious people.

30 JUNE

Illustration of Bloodied 1897 KKK Flag

1897 - More than one and a half months after bloodily sealing sealed his usurpation of revolutionary leadership from Supremo Andres Bonifacio y de Castro, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy has the nerve to call on everyone who possesses honor and the sense of personal dignity; the Filipino, the Asiatic, the American and the European all alike suffer; to join the Philippine national revolution against Spanish colonial rule; Aguinaldo had earlier dislodged Bonifacio from the helm of Katipunan (KKK) revolutionary power during the rushed and anomalously conducted Tejeros Convention and subsequently ordered Bonifacio's murder-by-execution on May 10, 1897 sometime after the latter had declared the election illegal with the Acta de Tejeros.

29 JUNE

1944 - Imperialist United States approves its right to retain military, naval, and air bases in  its colony, the Philippines, via Joint Resolution No. 83, approved by the ; US Congress, supposedly intended for the "mutual "protection of the colony and itself and or the  maintenance of peace in the Pacific;  the resolution, which was passed during World War II  while the Southeast Asian colony was still under the hands of Japan, was originally but  minimally enshrined in the Tydings-McDuffie Law that empowered the Bald Eagle nation to retain only naval bases; the North American nation will "grant" pathetic Philippines its independence  in 1946 but not before establishing  several colonizing mechanisms through agreements,  treaties aimed at manipulating and controlling Filipinos' political and economic lives.

28 JUNE

1571 - The first session of the Ayuntamiento is first held in Manila, Philippine islands, during  the early decades of Spanish colonial rule in the Southeast Asian archipelago; also known as cabildo, the ayuntamiento was a colonial administrative council governing a municipality, with every Spanish colonial municipality in the Philippines (and the Southern Americas)  theoretically each having an ayuntamiento; ayuntamiento edifices were often excellent in  style, as seen in the Manila Ayuntamiento, which  would be the site where imperialist  representatives Spanish Governor General  Jaudenes and American General Wesley Merrit will  sign the official change of colonial power over pathetic colony, the Philippines, some three hundred years later.

Photo: Manila Ayuntamiento

27 JUNE

1864 - Father Apolonio Burgos publishes a magnificent defense of the Filipino clergy entitled  Manifesto to the Noble Spanish People Which the Loyal Filipinos Address in Defense of their  Honor and Loyalty wherein he deplores the assertions made by racially biased writers on the alleged superiority of the white men and bewails the racial indignities to which his people, the natives of the Philippines, have been subjected to by the Spanish authorities; Burgos will later be executed, along with  fellow priests Mariano Gómez and Jacinto Zamora who peacefully fought for equal rights of native priests vis-a-vis Spanish friars, in the infamous GOMBURZA triumvirate  execution in February 1872 on false charges of subversion following the 1872 Cavite mutiny.

26 JUNE

1854 - Spanish Governor-General Manuel de Pavia of the Philippine Islands decrees the establishment of “Cartas de radio” (special radius permit), in the Central Luzon provinces of Laguna, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga and Tondo; the use of Cartas de radio, an identification paper aiming to ensure public safety from strangers, is to ensure peace and order by preventing strangers from entering any province without proper identification.

25 JUNE

Rounsevelle Wildman
 U. S. Consul-General at Hong Kong

 1898 - American Consul General at Hong Kong Rounseville Wildman foxily writes Philippine President Emilio  Aguinaldo convincing him to stand shoulder to shoulder with what will be the future invading American forces, saying that he has supposedly "vouched for [Aguinaldo's] honesty and  earnestness of purpose to the President of the United States and to [the American] people,"  during the Revolution after the Filipinos have declared Independence following their liberation of majority of the archipelago from the hands of Spanish colonizers; the communications of  Wildman, who will later rip off Aguinaldo of P67,000 intended for a  second shipment of arms and ammunition, will be instrumental in making Aguinaldo stupidly trust Commodore George Dewey and allow the American forces to freely enter Philippine territory  and position themselves for their sinister scheme of invading the fledgling Southeast Asian Republic come February 1899.

24 JUNE

1898 - Gregorio del Pilar liberates the town of Bulacan from  the Spanish forces during the second phase of the Philippine  Revolution against Spain; one of the youngest generals of the  Filipino forces, Gregorio del Pilar will soon be promoted  brigadier-general and will also be responsible for the  successful repulsion of the imperialist American invaders in  the Battle of Quingua (Plaridel) where American Col. John M.  Stotsenberg will die in April 1899 during the early fighting of the Philippine-American War.

23 JUNE

1898 - Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo changes the form of  government from  Dictatorial to Revolutionary following the  recent Declaration of Philippine Independence when most but  not yet all of the provinces and cities have been liberated by  the Filipino patriots during the second phase of the Revolution against Spain; President Aguinaldo, who has acted upon the  advice of Apolinario Mabini, his chief adviser, also issues a  decree establishing a Revolutionary Committee abroad--all  these as unknown to Aguinaldo who had been duped into  thinking that America is an ally, with Spain and the rising  imperialist nation, the United States, to later sign a peace protocol to halt Spanish-American War hostilities, which will 'authorize' the Bald Eagle to occupy and hold the city, bay, and harbor of Manila pending the conclusion of a treaty set to  define the control, disposition, and government of the Philippines.

22 JUNE

1900 - Sixteen months into the Filipino-American War but after  the imperialist invading United States forces have arrested  some key people of the Philippine Republic, Gen. Arthur McArthur, the assigned American 'military ruler,' offers former Philippine Prime Minister Apolinario Mabini, amnesty  in exchange for swearing fealty to the Bald Eagle flag;  Mabini, considered as the "Brains of the [second phase of]  the Revolution," was jailed for being "a most active agitator"  [translation: patriot] and persistently and defiantly refusing  amnesty, and maintaining correspondence with insurgents  [translation: defenders of the Philippine Republic]; even  when Mabini will finally take his oath of allegiance to the US in 1903 after  years of exile, he will resume his patriotic work of agitating for independence for the Philippines.

21 JUNE

Pedro Paterno - autonomist/traitor

1899 - During the Filipino-American War, Pedro Paterno and Felipe Buencamino, "autonomists" dubbed by Gen. Antonio Luna as traitors  to Philippine independence,  present to the invader North Americans their  "peace" proposals; on the same day, more than a year after the  imperialist United States invaded the fledgling Philippine  Republic, Gen. Arthur MacArthur, assigned to be the military 'ruler' of the Philippine Islands by the imperialist Uncle Sam, plays the propaganda game  by issuing an 'amnesty' decree to the native defenders  and calling  the rightful war staged by Filipinos as 'insurrection' against  the US.

20 JUNE

1899 - Four months into the Filipino-American War, 10,000  Murata rifles, 6,000,000 rounds of ammunition, and other war supplies purchased by Mariano Ponce from the Japanese start sailing aboard the Nonubiki Maru from Nagasaki to the Philippines; earlier in  September 1898, Ponce and F. Lichaucho had sought approval  for arms purchase in a letter to Apolinario Mabini, President  Emilio Aguinaldo's chief adviser, stating that Japanese  officials are inclined to favor the Philippine cause against the North American imperialist aggression although  they only wish to avoid "the possibility of a conflict with...  the Yankee one."

Photo credit: http://ngayonsakasaysayan.blogspot.com/

19 JUNE

1861 - Jose Rizal (José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda), one of the two future implied  national heroes of the Philippine Republic, is born as the  seventh child of Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo in  Calamba in Laguna province  during the Spanish colonial rule  in the Southeast Asian archipelago; Rizal's patriotic writings  significantly inspired the other national hero, Andres Bonifacio y de  Castro, into launching the nationalistic revolutionary movement Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan  (KKK)  in 1896.

17 JUNE

1877 - Birth of Manuel Tinio y Bundoc, the youngest general in the Philippine Revolution against Spain and the Philippine-American War; Brig. Gen. Tinio will figure in the effective guerilla ambush tactic against the imperialist American invaders in the roads and strategic locations in the Ilocos region, which he will appraise as follows:

“I have endeavored to propagate and implant here the society of the Katipunan which has produced surprising results. I have prepared the spirit of the inhabitants so that aside from inculcating in them the fecund germ of the high ideals of liberty, they have come to showimplacable hatred towards the invader, passion which some citizens, armed with only bolos have manifested to the Americans who dared to travel from their detachment.”

16 JUNE

1898 - During the Philippine Revolution against Spain, American Consul Oscar F. William sends a dispatch to Secretary Wm. R. Day reporting that the Filipino Revolutionists have defeated the colonial forces at practically all encounters and have taken control of the northern provinces and the entire bay coast, save for the city of Manila; the success of the Filipinos, however, will later be stolen by the Americans who will stage the mock Battle of Manila to make it appear that it is they who defeated the Spaniards after duping Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo into allowing the forces of the emerging imperialist United States to enter the Philippine archipelago supposedly as friendly troops.