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Bishop Domingo de Salazar |
1581 - Bishop Domingo de Salazar, the first bishop of Manila and of the Philippines, calls a council of differing ecclesiastical officials to discuss the liberation of native slaves held by Spaniards during the early years of Spanish colonial rule; de Salazar, who would erect the Manila Cathedral a few months later, assails colonial Governor Gonzalo Ronquillo de Penalosa and other civil officials who have defied or failed to abide by the King Philip II's order, thus delaying the slaves' emancipation as he declares that "the freedom of the Filipinos can not be deferred as it is a matter of natural and divine right and clear justice"; having arrived that same year in Manila, de Salazar would come down in Philippine Catholic history as the "intrepid Salazar" who fearlessly espoused the cause of the Filipinos who were rapidly being depopulated owing to the injustices and suffering inflicted by Spanish officials and encomenderos, undertaking the mission of pleading for the natives before the King that eventually led to the correction of various abuses, the creation of three new dioceses, and the elevation of Manila to a metropolitan see with him as first archbishop.
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Fr. Gregorio L. Aglipay |
1902 - Filipino Gregorio Aglipay y Labayan proclaims his establishment of a new religious group, the Aglipayan Church, severing himself from Rome and celebrating Mass as the 'Obispo Maximo of the Philippine Independent Church'; Aglipay is a nationalist who has sympathized with the Philippine Revolution that broke out in 1896, giving aid to Katipuneros in Victoria, Tarlac where he served as assistant to the Spanish parish priest before finally joining the revolution in 1898 and even becoming a signatory of the Malolos constitution and military vicar general of the fledgling Philippine Republic; along with nationalist labor leader Isabelo de los Reyes, Aglipay would then set about filipinizing the church, leading to his excommunication on April 20, 1899 by the Spanish Roman Catholic Church and his eventual formation of the Philippine Independent Church after Vatican failed to recognize their cause.
Photo credits: National Historical Institute & Wikipedia
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