1896 - Approximately 150 Filipinos suspected of involvement in the Philippine Revolution against Spain are boarded on SS Manila for exile to Fernando Po island (in Equatorial Guinea); some six weeks earlier, revolutionists, members of the secret society-turned-revolutionary-government Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan (KKK) led by Supremo Andres Bonifacio began the revolution against the over-three-centuries-long colonial rule, with the Spanish governor-general and other officials harshly responding with the imposition of martial rule, widespread arrests and execution of native patriots.
1899 - The official organ of the fledgling Philippine Republic, Gaceta de Filipinas (originally El Heraldo de la Revolucion), comes out with its final issue as the imperialist American invaders close in on the Philippine government-on-the-run led by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo eight months into what will prove to be a bloodily protracted Philippine American War (1899-1914); successively renamed from El Heraldo de la Revolucion to Indice Oficial, to Gaceta de Filipinas, the official newspaper penned by Filipinos such as Rafael Palma, Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Epifanio de los Santos and Salvador del Rosario using their nom de plume came out with its first issue on September 29, 1898 some two weeks following the Opening of the Malolos Congress set to draft what would be Asia's first republican constitution.
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| Inauguration of the 2nd Philippine Republic |
1943 - The Second Republic of the Philippines with Jose P. Laurel as President is inaugurated during World War II under the sponsorship of the Japanese, briefly supplanting American colonial rule; on the same day, Laurel's government signs the first foreign treaty of the Philippines, the Japan-Philippine Pact of Alliance that provides for political and economic cooperation, as well as military, cooperation between Japan and the Philippines.
Photo credit: http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/captureofaguinaldo1901.htm
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