1897 - Philippine revolutionary leader Andres Bonifacio ascribes the failure of the Katipunan forces in defending Cavite against Spanish troops to factionalism within the movement; in a letter to Emilio Jacinto, he relates how the Magdalo faction has negotiated with the Spaniards to abandon the Philippine Revolution and explains that he needed to nullify all the resolutions adopted in the Tejeros Convention due to Magdalo's dirty tactics to discredit him and the Katipunan.
1917 - Vladimir Lenin, leader of the revolutionary Bolshevik Party, returns to Petrograd after a decade of exile to take the reins of the Russian Revolution; a month earlier, Czar Nicholas II was removed from power when Russian troops joined workers' revolt in the capital city and in about seven months, the Bolsheviks will triumph in the Great October Socialist Revolution.
1943 - The hallucinogenic effects of LSD are discovered by Swiss chemist Albert Hoffman in Basel, Switzerland after he accidentally consumes the LSD-25, a synthetic drug he had created; the drug is part of his research into the medicinal value of lysergic acid compounds
1993 - The United Nations votes to make Srebrenica, Bosnia a safe haven, as the town teeters on the brink of falling to Bosnian Serb forces during the Bosnian War; the decision will have disastrous results, leading to the murder of some 7,000 Muslim boys and men as the small contingency of Dutch forces assigned by their government will stand no chance against the Serbs.
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