5 OCTOBER

Manuel Antonio Rojo

1762 - The City of Manila is surrendered to the British invaders by Spanish colonial Archbishop Manuel Antonio Rojo, acting governor-general for the Spanish crown, in the bid to end the slaughter of soldiers and civilians as the British succeeded in smashing all Spanish and Filipino resistance within and outside the  Walled City of Intramuros a day earlier; Gov-Gen Simon de Anda y Salazar, who has earlier fled 10 pm the night earlier, leaving Manila in a small banca with the promise of keeping the Southeast Asian archipelago for Spain, makes his proclamation in Bulacan town, naming himself as Captain-General of the Real Audiencia in accordance with the provisions of law and by reason of the fall of Manila.

1847 - A Spanish royal decree changing the manner of elections in the Southeast Asian colony, the Philippines, is issued and termed the Municipal Election Law of 1847; the new law provides for the yearly election of local officials, including the gobernadorcillo, by an electoral board composed of the outgoing governadorcillo, former gobernadorcillos, and cabezas de barangay.

Gen. Vicente R. Lukban

1901 - Filipino Gen. Vicente R. Lukban briefly writes about the successful Balanginga attack on the enemy  Americans, urging the local chief of Santa Margarita to similarly adopt the style of guerrilla attack against the  imperialist United States soldiers so as to defend the dignity and independence of the nation  two years and  eight months into the protracted Philippine-American War (1899-1914);  in the  Balangiga Incident, the  town residents of Balangiga, Samar, while mostly armed with bolos and led by the local police chief,  killed many invading American soldiers and wounded  several others during a surprise guerrilla attack in the  enemy's church headquarters eight days earlier; in the letter, Gen. Lukban, with jurisdiction over Samar and  Leyte,  praises the heroism and the glorious achievement of the Balanginga folks and, as well, encourage the Santa Margarita town residents to plant food crops so as to augment the food supply of Samar  province.

4 OCTOBER

Francisco V. Roman, freedom-fighter

1899 - Future Filipino freedom fighter and hero of the Battle of Caloocan, Francisco V.  Roman is born in Alcala, Cagayan to a Filipina mother,  Pelagia Velasquez, and Spanish father, Jose Roman; the first cousin of Rafael and Jose Palma , Roman will  volunteer  for colonial Spain in the cavalry during the Philippine Revolution but at the advent of the Filipino-American  War (1899-1914), will fight for the sovereignty of the Philippines from the Bald Eagle invaders, serving under, and dying with, Gen. Antonio Luna upon the latter's assassination by their compatriots from the Kawit company upon orders of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo.

1863 - Francisco V. Osorio, a Chinese mestizo who  would become one of the "Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite"  during the Spanish colonial rule, is born in Cavite City  to Petrona Reyes and Antonio Osorio; a Chinese  meztizo, Osorio will be implicated in the Philippine  Revolution following his active membership in the  secret revolutionary  society-turned-revolutionary-government Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang  manga Anak nang  Bayan (KKK) and a testimony naming him as one of the  leaders of a planned uprising in Cavite; Osorio will be  executed by firing squad along with 12 others in Fort  San Felipe.

3 OCTOBER

1606 - The first Chinese (Filipino) uprising takes place during the early decades of the Spanish colonial rule of  the Philippine archipelago; days earlier, the Chinese had gathered in Tondo and Binondo and on this day,  St. Francis' Day to Catholics, the Chinese battle the Spanish soldiers but will be slaughtered by the thousands by forces that include Kapampangan and Japanese conscripts; the leaders of the parian uprising will later be identified and executed in Manila, with survivors escaping to the provinces, and with a Spanish ambassador to be later dispatched to Guangzhou, China to communicate officially the bloody insurrection in the Southeast Asian colony in the months of October and November 1603.

1762 - At dawn, Francisco Manalastas from Pampanga  province leads a force of Filipinos to assault the  British trenches in Manila during the brief British Occupation of the Philippines (1762-1764) during the  Spanish colonial rule; some 200 British soldiers will be  killed but Archbishop Antonio Rojo will convene the  Council of War to decide on the issue of whether to surrender or continue the apparently hopeless struggle  against the British forces; Britain will go on to occupy and rule Manila and Cavite, being on Manila Bay,  administering it as a de facto colony with the Spaniards retreating to the interior,  until April 1764 when the 1763 Treaty of Paris would the so-called  Seven Years War although a British force would actually remain on the Sulu islands until 1773.

1900- Two years and 8 months into the  Filipino-American War (1899-1914), Apolinario Mabini,  former Prime Minister and key adviser of the fledgling Philippine Republic, is released upon orders of the  imperialist American authorities; dubbed the "Brains  of the Revolution," Mabini was earlier captured by enemy American soldiers in Cuyapo, Nueva Ecja in  December 1899 and imprisoned at the Anda jail, and would go on to live destitute and unemployed in Nagtahan; the patriot and philosopher would later be exiled in 1901 along with other officers of the Philippine  Republic, to Guam following his refusal to swear allegiance to the invading Bald Eagle flag.


Photo credit: http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/philippines.htm

2 OCTOBER

1900 - The Cebuanos send the Congress of the imperialist United States a Memorial begging for Philippine Independence one year and eight months after the Philippine-American War (1899-1914) began and the arrival of the invading Americans in Cebu; the leaders of Cebu City have earlier reluctantly surrendered to the enemy soldiers of the Bald Eagle nation led by Capt. Charles C. Cornwell after receiving the following threatening message:

"Within 34 hours after receiving this letter, the Provincial Council of Cebu must surrender to the United States. If the Cebu government chooses not to surrender or hesitates to do so, the commander of the Petrel will be forced to begin bombarding the city in order to impose an American administration on Cebu City."

Patriot Melecio Severino

1899 - Eight months into the protracted Philippine-American War (1899-1914), the invading Bald Eagle nation sponsors the first elections under the Negros Constitution, with revolutionist Melecio Severino, who fought both the Spaniards and the Americans, being elected civil governor; the imperialist United States officials, however, fearing Severino's anti-Americanism, would soon undemocratically arrest him and appoint Jose Luzuriaga and, later, Leandro Locsin, to take his place as civil governor.

1870 - The teaching of the Tagalog language at Spain's Central University of Madrid is decreed at the instance of the liberal Don Segismundo Moret y Prendegast, Minister of the Ultramar (Oversease Colonies); Filipino reformist, patriot, and polymath Jose Rizal has lauded the Tagalog language for its own distinctive characteristics despite having been derived from other local tongues.


Photo credit: http://girldotcom1980.blogspot.com/

01 OCTOBER

1898 - Filipino ilustrados who would later prove to be turncoats and avid American lackeys Cayetano Arellano and T.H. Pardo de Tavera take their oaths as cabinet members of the fledgling Philippine Republic under Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo; Arellano, who takes the portfolio of Foreign Affairs and de Tavera, that of Director of  Diplomacy, would most ignominiously testify in June 1899 before the imperialist body, the Philippine Commission, that the Filipinos are not capable of self-rule, welcoming the imperialist rule of the United States and even later becoming officials of the colonial government.

1906 - Seven and eight months into the protracted  Philippine-American War (1899-1914), the first convention of provincial governors under the colonial government imposed by the imperialist United States takes place in Manila.

1948 - The first official census takes place under an 'independent' Philippines, the first ever census taken by an all-Filipino staff; the compilation for  the results of the census work for this day, earlier  designated by President Elpidio R. Quirino as "Census Day," are compiled by the Bureau of Census and Statistics.

30 SEPTEMBER

1876 - (Mrs.) Sofia E. Reyes-de Veyra, future,  outstanding Filipina civic leader and social leader, educator, and secretary of the Association Feminista, is born in Arevalo, Iloilo City; Sofia, despite her lack of formal education, would found the first training school for nurses in the Southeast  Asian archipelago, and in her travel to  the United  States in the early 1900s, would help disseminate accurate information about the Philippines and the Filipinos to neutralize the disparaging, untruthful  propaganda made by U.S. imperialism advocates in  relation to the Philippine-American War  (1899-1914).

1889 - "Filipinas Dentro de cien años" (The  Philippine a Century Hence), essay of Filipino reformist, patriot, and polymath Jose P. Rizal, is  first published in the  reformist propaganda newspaper "La Solidaridad" in Madrid, Spain during  the period of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines; therein, Rizal exhorts Spain to give more rights, to the Filipinos "to grant six million Filipinos their rights, so that they may be in fact Spaniards"],  warning that failure to do so  could make them lose the Southeast Asian  archipelago.

Higinio O. Benitez, Malolos Congress
Representative & American collaborator

1911 - Higinio Benitez, member of the First Philippine Republic's Revolutionary Congress who rather quickly collaborated with the imperialist American invaders, is reassigned as associate judge to the colonial Land Registration body; Benitez,  despite being named Laguna's representative to the Malolos Congress, unpatriotically chose not to fight  during the Philippine-American War (1899-1914),  even serving as (appointed) secretary of the  American sponsored Supreme Court under the leadership of another American lackey and illustrado collaborator Cayetano Arellano.


Photo credit: http://jackeline.freehomepage.com/main/photos.htm

29 SEPTEMBER

______ - The first issue of "El Heraldo  de la Revolucion" (Herald of the Revolution), the official organ of the First Philippine Republic, is issued at Malolos, Bulacan where the Southeast Asia's  Revolutionary Congress was meeting in the task of drafting the country's first constitution; the development comes amidst the framework for imperialist American invasion/occupation already beginning to be laid and more than four more months before the Philippine-American War (1899-1914) is instigated by the Bald Eagle President William McKinley to precipitate a war in the bid to push the American Congress to approve and fund the annexation [read: translation] of the Southeast Asian islands in what will be America's first ever imperialist war, the "First Vietnam"; El Heraldo's name will later be changed to "Heraldo Filipino," "Indice Oficial, and finally, to "Gaceta de Filipinas,"with the last issue of the publication coming out on the first year of the Fil-Am War. 


1898 - The Congress of the First Philippine Republic  under Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy ratifies the Independence of the Philippines earlier proclaimed  on June 12 of the same year; also known as the Malolos Congress, the legislative body earlier opened 14 days ago in the task of drafting the first Constitution of the Philippines, effectively the first republican constitution in Asia; the development comes despite the August 1898 Peace  Protocol and Mock Battle of Manila  wherein the treacherous Americans falsely made it appear that their forces were the ones who subdued the  Spaniards and not the Filipino revolutionaries, and amidst the fact that Spanish military officials and soldiers have been surrendering to the natives even in Visayas and Mindanao islands where the Philippine flag also already flies despite their failed attempt to isolate them from Luzon island; in four months time, the bloody and protracted  Filipino-American War (1899-1914) will break out upon the vile instigation of the Bald Eagle nation, with the American regimental commanders in Manila scheming to fire the first shots that will first victimize Filipino soldiers peacefully crossing the San Juan Bridge on February 4, 1899.


 
1890 - Filipino reformist, patriot, and polymath  Jose Mercado Rizal writes his Austrian friend Ferdinand Blumentritt during the Spanish Colonial rule, saying that because Spaniards are only impressed by valor and might, failing to appreciate the artistic sense of the Tagalogs; Rizal adds that is a good thing because that has left the (hated) friars limited to securing the services merely of intriguers and not genuinely talented Filipinos. 



Photo credit:

http://joserizal.info/Biography/man_and_martyr/chapter04.htm

28 SEPTEMBER

Balangiga hero, Valeriano Abanador, in old age

1901 - Two years & 7 months into the  Philippine-American War (1899-1914), the patriotic townspeople of Balangiga, Samar successfully attack the quarters of enemy Bald Eagle soldiers taking their breakfast at a convent house; Gen. Vicente Lukban will later write about the guerrilla-style offensive wherein the Filipinos, led by local chief of police Valeriano Abanador and two guerrilla officers under Lukban, killed around 70 American  invaders, including a major, a captain and a  lieutenant, with only five badly wounded able to escape in small boats to the adjacent Leyte province of  Leyte, and seized 20,000 rounds of ammunition,  sabres, and, in short, everything in the barracks of  the enemy and in the quarters of the American  Major" [number of casualties and survivors later shown as 48 dead and 26 survivors, mostly badly wounded].

1898 - Anacleto Solano, leader of the interim local revolutionary government in the Philippine province of Albay, signs  the act of adhesion of the local people to President Emilio E. Aguinaldo's government; the adhesion comes 3 1/2 months after Aguinaldo declared the Filipinos' Independence from colonial Spain but but a month after the Peace Protocol and the Mock Battle of Manila wherein the treacherous Americans falsely made it appear that their forces were the ones who subdued the  Spaniards and not the Filipino revolutionaries, and some four months before the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914) will be instigated by American regimental commanders upon the vile order of imperialist Bald Eagle President William McKinley in the bid to push the United States Congress to approve the annexation [translation: invasion] of the Philippine archipelago.


Photo credit: http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/balangigamassacre1901.htm

27 SEPTEMBER

Gomez Perez Dasmarinas

1593 - Spanish Gov.-Gen. for the colony  Philippines, Gomez Perez Dasmarinas, writes to the  Cambodian king Prauncar (Phra Uncar) Langara,  expressing his uneasiness about the ongoing  hostility and war between the Cambodian and Siam  (Thai) kingdoms; Cambodia would lose to Siam and  the King Prauncar's royal family would be exiled  although they would later be restored to power.

1865 - Miguel C. Malvar, future revolutionary  general and patriot during the Philippine Revolution  and Philippine-American War (1899-1914), is born in Barrio San  Miguel, Santo Tomas, Batangas to Tiburcia Carpio  and Maximo Malvar; future Gen. Malvar would be  known in history as one of the last generals of the First Philippine Republic to surrender to the  imperialist American forces, and the de facto  President to succeed Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo when he  later took charge as Commander-in-Chief of the  Filipino army on July 13, 1901; Malvar will valiantly  fight the invading Bald Eagle soldiers but owing in part to the horrific reconcentration campaign waged by the enemy, Malvar will eventually surrender because according to him, his "family and friends who have been accompanying  me are all sick, suffering and hungry."  

1972 - Less than a week after proclaiming Martial  Law, Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos  issues General Order No. 12 defining the  jurisdiction of military tribunals created under  General Order No. 3; in effect General Order No 12  enumerates the cases where military tribunals had  exclusive jurisdiction or exercise jurisdiction  concurrent with civil courts; Marcos had rationalized  his declaration of Martial Law with the supposed  "wanton destruction of lives and property,  widespread lawlessness and anarchy, and chaos and  disorder" fomented by seditious communist  elements.

 

Photo credit: http://www.retrato.com.ph/photodtl.asp?id=FP00311

26 SEPTEMBER

1603 - Rumors of an upcoming Chinese Uprising circulate in the Spanish colony, the Philippines, around a week before it is to take place; Spain  had begun colonization of the islands (populated by an Austronesian race when it sent explorer Miguel Lopez de Legazpi to forge the first settlements in the Southeast Asian archipelago some 38  years earlier.

1887 - Filipino patriot, reformist and polymath Jose  Mercado Rizal sends his friend Austrian Ferdinand  Blumentritt a package that includes sulpakan, his  own invention of a lighter operating on the principle of compressed air, and writes about the death of  his sister Olimpia during a difficult childbirth; Rizal adds that Blumentritt's package also includes a gold coin, part of a recently unearthed clay jar of gold coins believed to have used by the ancient Tagalogs.

 

1898 - Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy of the fledgling Philippine Republic forms his Malolos cabinet 3 1/2 months  after declaring the Southeast Asian country Independent from colonial Spain, but a month after the Peace Protocol and the  Mock Battle of Manila wherein the emerging imperialist United States falsely made it appear  that their forces were the ones who subdued the  Spaniards and not the Filipino revolutionaries;  Aguinaldo's cabinet, with his government now avoiding the vile invader Americans, is based in Malolos, Bulacan and includes Felipe Buencamino as Secretary of Development;  Gregorio Araneta as Secretary of Justice; Jose E. Basa as justice director of the central government; Baldomero  Aguinaldo, Secretary of War; Antonio Luna,  Director; Artemio Ricarte, Vito Belarmino, Emiliano  Riego de Dios  as Generals of Division; and Tomas  Mascardo, Pantaleon Garcia, Mariano Llanera,  Mariano Noriel, Isidro Torres, Miguel Malvar, and  Paciano Rizal as Brigadier-Generals; in less than five months time, the leader of the  Bald Eagle nation who ridiculously claimed God instructed him to invade the "whole archipelago or none" will secretly order his military to instigate what will be the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914).


Photo credit: Filipiniana.net

25 SEPTEMBER

Lope K. Santos

1879 - Lope K. Santos, future foremost Filipino Tagalog grammarian, writer, politician, and labor  leader and founder of Kapatirang Alagad ni  Bonifacio, Inc. and Taliba ng Inang Wika, is born  in Pasig, Rizal; Santos, who will help Macario Sakay et al. in organizing the 1901 Nactionalista Party and become a future Senator, will include as his literary  masterpieces  "Banaag at Sikat," an opus tackling  socialism's rise in the Philippines, and the  translation into Tagalog of "Aves de Rapina," the  scathing El Renacimiento editorial attacking the  corruption of the colonial American Interior  Secretary Dean C. Worcester.

1890 - Filipino patriot, reformist, and polymath Jose Mercado Rizal  delivers a speech in the Masonic lodge "Solidaridad," No. 53, in Madrid Spain; therein, Rizal dwells on the subject of virtue, which he defines as "the constant performance of duty," explaining the concepts and practices of duties.

1903 - Filipino revolutionist and freedom-fighter Simeon A. Ola surrenders to the enemy Col. Harry H. Bandholtz of the imperialist Bald Eagle nation 4 1/2 years into the protracted Philippine American War (1899-1914); the teniente de cuadrillos of Guinobatan, Albay in Bicol province, Ola fought in the Philippine Revolution against Spain, becoming the Secretary of Finance of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo's Revolutionary Government, and then valiantly leading his troops in persistent guerilla attacks; owing to the atrocious reconcentration system utilized by the invader Americans, Ola ultimately decided to surrender to the enemy to spare the civilian natives from the imperialist forces' cruel-level military operations.

1943 - The Philippine National Assembly  during  the Japanese Occupation holds its general session  to elect the President of the Republic and the  legislative body's speaker; Jose P. Laurel is  elected President and Benigno A. Aquino as  Speaker; with the conclusion of World War II and  Japanese surrender following the atomic bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, the Second Philippine Republic will be dissolved by President Laurel on  August 17, 1945 to return the Philippines to the state of being a colony of the imperialist United  States. 



Photo credits:

http://www.rizalprovince.gov.ph/gov-lope-santos.htm

24 SEPTEMBER

1559 - King Philip II of Spain decides to send one more expedition to the  archipelago they will later name the Philippines, with the  prospect of colonizing the Southeast Asian land, convinced as he was that the islands (populated by an Austronesian race) lie within the Spanish zone marked out by the 1493 demarcation lines of the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands (off Africa's western west coast) as decreed by the bull of Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI; in his order, Philip II instructs Luis de Velasco, New Spain's vicerroy and president of the royal Audiencia, not to enter Portugal-owned islands and, instead, "to other nearby islands, such as the Phelipinas and others, which lie outside the above agreement and within our demarcation, and are said likewise to contain spice."

1716- Taal volcano in the Philippines erupts, with  "a great number of detonations" being heard at  aruond 6 pm during the Spanish colonization of  the Southeast Asian archipelago; according to the  account of Catholic priest Fr. Saderra Maso, the  fury of the volcanic emissions of "great masses of  smoke, water, and ashes [rushing] out of the  lake, high up into the air" was such that a strip of  around 16.7 meters fronting the Taal convent and  other areas of the beach were engulfed by water; one of the Philippine's most active volcanoes comprising the Pacific "ring of fire," the Taal Volcano complex situated between the towns to be later known as Talisay and San Nicolas in Batangas,  is made up of an island in Lake Taal which, in turn, is situated within a caldera formed by an earlier, very powerful eruption.

1972 - The National Historical Institute is (NHI)  created by Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos  by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1 as a  national agency tasked with promoting the Southeast Asian country's history and cultural  heritage; the creation of the NHI comes following  the abolition of a number of memorial and  commemoration committees, including its  forerunner  Philippine Historical Committee  (which took over the Philippine Historical  Research and Markers Committee) in the effort to  streamline their differing functions.


Photo credit: http://philippinebeauty.tumblr.com/page/2

23 SEPTEMBER

Enemy American invaders in Tarlac, late 1899

1899 - President Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy of the  Philippine-Republic-on-the-run publishes the  pamphlet "True Narrative of the Philippine  Revolution" in Tarlac  7 1/2 months after the  enemy United States secretly instigated the  Philippine-American War (1899-1914)  and 13  months after the infamous Mock of Battle of  Manila wherein the imperialist Americans falsely  made it appear before the world that it was their  forces and not the revolutionary Filipinos that  subdued the colonial Spaniards in the Southeast  Asian archipelago;  addressed "TO ALL CIVILIZED NATIONS AND ESPECIALLY TO THE GREAT NORTH AMERICAN REPUBLIC" and entitled 'Resena Veridica de la  Revolucion Filipina" in Spanish, the pamphlet tells  a litany of charges against the American invasion, including how the Bald Eagle government  has been manipulating the Filipino leaders into a false hope of independence.

_____ Filipino Gen. P. Garcia reports to Gen. Servillano Aquino about the attack of the freedom  fighters on a train carrying enemy American soldiers more than seven months after the Philippine-American War (1899-1914) began; led  by Commander Juan Balbuena, the hostilities involved  the order on 1st Company Bon. Torres Bugayon to attack the enemy train between Calulut and  Angels, resulting to 12 enemy casualties and  injury to one prisoner and two casualties and two  injuries on the side of the Filipino patriots.

Photo credit:

http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar /thewarrages1899.htm

22 SEPTEMBER

Filipino fortification during the Revolution against Spain

1898 - The Philippine Army captures Albay province, forcing the colonial Spaniards to flee  as 1,500 patriots from the Tagalog region in Luzon land in Antique, bringing heavy artillery with them;  the developments came three days after the protocol of surrender of Spanish forces in Camarines Sur to the Filipinos and more than three months after Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy declared Philippine Independence  from Spain, having captured most of the northern provinces and the whole bay area and won almost every encounter against the Spaniards; the development comes two months after the imperialist  United States, the emerging new colonial enemy of Filipinos,  falsely made it appear to the world that its  forces were the ones that subdued the Spanish forces in the Philippines during the infamous Mock Battle of  Manila and five months before the onset of the bloody and protracted  Filipino-American War (1899-1914).

1972 - A day after the official declaration of Martial  Law, Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos orders all the executive branch's  departments, bureaus, offices, agencies and  instrumentalities ,  "government-owned or controlled corporations, as well  as "all local governments and barrios throughout the land", to continue functioning under their present officers and employees in accordance with existing laws; exception to the order tied in with Proclamation  1081 (Martial Law) is the judiciary, with Marcos ordering that certain criminal cases not be heard and decided by civil courts but, instead, as later defined  by the President's succeeding orders, by special military tribunals.

1972 - A day after the official declaration of Martial  Law, Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos orders all the executive branch's  departments, bureaus, offices, agencies and  instrumentalities ,  "government-owned or controlled corporations, as well  as "all local governments and barrios throughout the land", to continue functioning under their present officers and employees in accordance with existing laws; exception to the order tied in with Proclamation  1081 (Martial Law) is the judiciary, with Marcos ordering that certain criminal cases not be heard and decided by civil courts but, instead, as later defined  by the President's succeeding orders, by special military tribunals.

21 SEPTEMBER

American Atrocity Cartoon

1900 - Filipino freedom-fighter Faustin Pantua writes about imperialist American brutality resulting from  the enemy's defeat at the Battle of Mabitac four days earlier when 180 of their soldiers either died or were  wounded compared to  only five on the side of the  Philippine army, one year and seven months into the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914); Pantua narrates how the Bald Eagle  soldiers, learning of the death of Lt. Col. Fidel S. Angeles in the Mabitac battle, clothed a person they  have held captive for years to make him look like the Filipino colonel,  and then killed him in the  town of Baybay to apparently make it appear that the  Mabitac defenders fell into their hands; shocked of the imperialist enemy's gross atrocities, Pantua  writes:

What brutality! What infamy for a nation that prides  itself on being civilized and humane! Enough of  amercanism! Then long live the the Filipino Republic!

1891 - The colonial pacification of Buloung, Cotabato  is completed when the district's Sultan and Datus  inform the Spanish of their willingness to  acknowledge Spanish rule; coming some five years  before the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution and  two years before future anti-colonial hero Andres  Bonifacio y de Castro co-found the secret society aiming for the complete liberation of the the Southeast Asian nation from the yoke of colonial stranglehold, the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang  manga Anak nang Bayan (KKK), the offer is  accepted by the Parang garrison's colonial Military Commander.

1972 - The entire Philippines is placed under Martial Law by President Ferdinand E. Marcos with the issuance of Proclamation No. 1081 on the strength of the 1935 Constitution's Article VII, Section 10, Paragraph 2, making Marcos the most powerful person in the Southeast Asian archipelago as he now  exercises commander-in-chief powers in relation to martial law; Marcos rationalizes the proclamation with the existence of lawless elements in the insurrectionist force dubbed the New People's Army,  supposedly intending to overthrow the government and supplant it with one adhering to Marxist-Leninist-Maoist ideology.


Photo credit:

http://alexfelipe.com/2008/08/30/the-philippine-american-war-america%E2%80%99s-debut-as-an-imperial-power/