17 AUGUST

 President Jose P. Laurel delivering a 1943 speech during the
 inauguration of the Japanese-sponsored Republic of the Philippines

1945 - Two days after Japan surrendered unconditionally in World War II, President Jose P. Laurel announces the dissolution of the [Second] Republic of the Philippines established during the Japanese Occupation of the Southeast Asian archipelago; under Japanese sponsorship and in line with the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere scheme, the 1943 Constitution of the Philippines creating a Republican state with a powerful executive branch, with the President to be elected from among members of the unicameral National assembly and with subordinate legislative and judicial branches, was drafted, approved and submitted for ratification during the Kalibapi  [Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas] convention in Manila; however, Filipino guerillas and the American colonial Commonwealth-in-exile led by President Sergio Osmena have refused to recognize the Japanese-sponsored Laurel government. 

1898  - Four days after the infamous Mock  Battle of Manila, the second expeditionary [translation:invasion] forces of the looming 20th century imperialist nation, the United States,  arrive and land at Parañaque, located midway between Manila and Cavite, and led by Gen. Francis V. Greene;  Greene's early show of Bald Eagle imperialist posturings and the the Mock Battle that falsely showed to the world that the Americans--instead of the Filipino revolutionaries--defeated the Spaniards in the Philippine archipelago would presage the absurdly baseless December 1898 Treaty of Paris wherein Spain had the gall to agree to supposedly  "cede" the newly independent-from-Spain Philippines to  imperialist U.S. that, for its part, months earlier conned Gen. Emilio F. Aguinaldo into cooperating to fight Spain, deceptively promising to honor Filipino Independence.



Photo credit: http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/captureofaguinaldo1901.htm

16 August

 
1599 - King Philip III writes Francisco de Tello de Guzman, colonial Spanish governor of the Philippine Islands, informing the latter of his order for Nueva Espana to send able settlers to the Southeast Asian colony; the communication, which came about a year after the monarch gained the title of Rey Felipe III, is  contained in two letters of the same date that commends Tello for the restoration of peace [translation: successful subjugation of the rebelling natives] in Mindanao and Pampanga and, as well, asks for advice as to whether he, the king, should increase duties on Chinese goods; Spain, has "discovered" [read: first learned about] the nearby and future colony the Philippine archipelago (Islas de San Lazaro),  some seven decades earlier during its several attempts times to gain control of Moluccas, the so-called “Spice Islands” (future Indonesia] beginning with the Magellan expedition of 1521.




Photo credit: http://thepeerage.com/p10278.htm

15 AUGUST

1898 - Two days after the Mock Battle of Manila between Spanish and American forces, the imperialist Bald Eagle nation lay the civilian framework for the invasion of the Philippines by assigning military officers to duty to assume civil government in the City of Manila and the district of Cavite; the development came  a day after the imperialist United States began its colonial propaganda efforts through Gen. Wesley Merritt's proclamation calling on the Filipinos not to resist US colonization/invasion, three days after the Peace Protocol between Spain and the US, and some three months after American officials deceived Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, the ambitious President of the fledgling Philippine Republic, into believing that their government will honor the independence of the Southeast Asian archipelago amidst the Filipino soldiers' virtual victory against the Spanish colonial forces; the infamous Mock Battle of Manila that falsely told the world that the Americans--instead of the Filipinos--defeated the colonial Spaniards in the Southeast Asian archipelago would highlight imperialist American deception of the Filipinos that began when U.S. diplomatic officials and Admiral George Dewey first made contact and forged an "alliance" with Aguinaldo to fight Spain during the second phase of the Philippine Revolution that intersected with the Spanish-American War. 

Gen. Mariano Trias

-- exactly two years later, on August 15, 1900, one and one-half years into the Filipino-American War, after the fledgling Philippine Republican Army has been disbanded into guerrilla units, Aguinaldo will issue a circular to Gen. Mariano Trias asking the latter to reorganize the old revolutionary movement, the KKK (Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang manga Anak nang Bayan) because it is seen as a great help in defense of motherland and in ending gambling and other vices.

14 AUGUST

Imperialist American Gen. Wesley Merritt
begins the Propaganda 6 Months before
the Philippine-American War

1898 - The imperialist United States begins its propaganda efforts as part of the looming invasion of the Philippines, a day after the infamous Mock Battle of Manila that falsely told the world that the Americans--instead of the Filipinos--defeated the colonial Spaniards in the Southeast Asian archipelago;  Gen. Wesley Merritt proclaims in English, Tagalog, and Spanish that Americans supposedly did not come "to wage war" upon the Filipinos but to "protect them in their homes, in their employments, and in their personal and religious rights"--understood to be contingent, of course, on the natives' unpatriotic acceptance of the Bald Eagle nation's colonization of the islands; the proclamation came some three months after American officials first verbally conned Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo into forming an "alliance" and into believing the US will honor Philippine Independence, came five weeks after Gen. Thomas M. Anderson asked for Filipinos' military cooperation against Spain and after Aguinaldo most stupidly ordered his soldiers "not to interfere" and allow American forces to enter the native territory, came two days after Spain and the US signed the Peace Protocol 'authorizing' the latter to occupy and hold the city, bay, and harbor of Manila pending the conclusion of a treaty set to  define the control, disposition, and government of the Philippines, and some six months before the start of the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914).

13 AUGUST

Imperialist American soldiers enter Manila, August 13, 1898

1898 - The "Mock Battle of Manila" occurs between Spanish and American forces, a day after the signing of the Protocol of Peace, as part of the two powers' imperialistic, shoddy and detestably anti-democratic deal to transfer Spanish colonial possessions to the United States, thus depriving  thus depriving Filipinos of their rightful revolutionary victory against colonial Spain; President Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy of the still-in-revolution Philippine Republic, who was conned by US Admiral George Dewey and other military and diplomatic officials into forging an "alliance" with the Americans against Spain on mere verbal assurances that the Bald Eagle nation will honor Philippine Independence, earlier stupidly allowed the free entry of American soldiers in the Southeast Asian archipelago starting two months earlier in June, thus delaying what should have been the Filipinos' victory in Intramuros, the colonial seat of Spanish power--this, despite the fact that Filipino revolutionaries had already encircled Manila.


Photo credit: http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/mockbattleofmanila.htm

12 AUGUST

Colonial Spain & Imperialist United States sign
 the Protocol of Peace in Washington

1898 - A day before the infamous Mock Battle of Manila, Filipinos' rightful and moral aspirations for sovereignty is doomed with the signing of the Peace Protocol between colonial Spain and emerging imperialist power, the United States, in Washington; the agreement halts further hostilities between the two powers that clashed in the Spanish-American War, largely setting the terms for the formal peace Treaty of Paris that was to be signed two months later which will stipulate, among others, Spain's 'ceding' of the Philippines in exchange for $20 million--this, despite the fact that the Filipinos has already declared independence from Spain after gaining control of most of the archipelago, and with the shoddy Americans accepting and utilizing the services of the Filipinos in helping overcome the Spaniards during their war; the Mock Battle of Manila will falsely show to the world that the Americans, instead of the Filipino revolutionaries, defeated the colonial Spaniards in the Southeast Asian archipelago; the Spanish-American War roughly intersected with the second phase of the Phlippine Revolution against Spain, with Bald Eagle Admiral George Dewey forging an "alliance" with Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, with Dewey and other military and diplomatic officials deceptively promising that the U.S. is an ally and/or will honor Filipino independence; the Bald Eagle soldiers have been able to position themselves for what would be the Mock Battle in Manila when the conned Aguinaldo stupidly allowed the free entry of the G.I.'s, apparently on request of Gen. Thomas M. Anderson some five weeks earlier.


Photo credit: http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/zoomify.asp?id=2242&type=g&width=640&height=480&hideAlt=1

11 AUGUST

Imperialist United States soldiers march to Manila

1898 - The camp of Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, which has already seized control of most of the archipelago away from the Spanish colonial forces, finally realizes that the Yankees are preparing to take the city of Manila as Filipino forces besieging Intramuros notice a general movement among American militia units; some three or four months earlier, amidst the Spanish-American War roughly intersecting with a supposed lull in the Philippine Revolution, Bald Eagle Admiral George Dewey forged an "alliance" with Aguinaldo in fighting Spain, with the latter and other imperialist American military and diplomatic officials taking turns in conning the Filipino general into believing that the U.S. was an ally;  the old and the new colonial power would in a few days stage the infamous Mock Battle of Manila designed to falsely show the world that it is the Americans instead of the Filipino revolutionaries that have defeated Spain in the Southeast Asian archipelago; five weeks earlier, Aguinaldo has stupidly ordered his soldiers  "not to interfere" with the American forces which have been entering the country following American officers' deceptive assurances that the US is in sympathy with the independentist cause of the Filipinos and will honor their independence; within six months, the imperialist United States will invade the Philippines, with the ensuring Philippine-American War (1899-1914) to be latter dubbed by certain historians as the "First Vietnam."  


Photo credit: Filipiniana.net

10 AUGUST

Antonio Ma. Regidor, Diplomat 

1898 - Some three days before the infamous Mock Battle of Manila, Spanish-blooded Filipino Antonio Ma. J. Regidor becomes a member of the Executive Board of the Hong Kong Junta tasked with seeking international recognition of Philippine sovereignty following Gen. Emilio F. Aguinaldo's June 12 declaration of Philippine Independence against colonial Spain;  Regidor, who will be part of the Agoncillo missions that will present the Philippine case before the United States Congress amidst the looming imperialist advances of the Bald Eagle nation, believe that the only real and enduring tie between Filipinos and Americans are commercial in nature, and will advocate financial and economic, but not political/colonial, relations with the US; some three or four months earlier, amidst the Spanish-American War roughly intersecting with a supposed lull in the Philippine Revolution, Bald Eagle Admiral George Dewey forged an "alliance" with Aguinaldo in fighting Spain, with the latter and other imperialist American military and diplomatic officials taking turns in conning the Filipino general into believing that the U.S. will honor the independence of the Filipinos;  Aguinaldo would stupidly allow the free entry of GI's into the archipelago, allowing the Bald Eagle forces to position themselves for what would be the Mock Battle designed to falsely show the world that it is the Americans instead of the Filipino revolutionaries that have defeated Spain in the Southeast Asian archipelago; the looming imperialist Bald Eagle nation would eventually invade  the Philippines, triggering the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914).

9 AUGUST

Pedro A. Paterno, turncoat 2x

1897 - Filipino illustrado Pedro  A. Paterno offers to mediate a peace pact between the revolutionary forces now led by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and the Spanish colonial regime under Gov. Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera, supposedly necessary to bring about a new series of reforms to assure Philippine prosperity, which would result to the Pact of Biak-na-Bato; the mediation of Paterno, who would later be the second Prime Minister of the fledgling First Republic, would also be regarded in history  as an infamous turncoat siding with the colonial Spaniards and later the imperialist Americans; around the first quarter of 1897 during the first phase of the Philippine Revolution against Spain, Aguinaldo's camp was accused by Supremo Andres Bonifacio y de Castro, leader of the secret-society-turned-revolutionary-government  Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) as having committed treason against the nation and the revolution by trying to forge a peace pact with the enemy Spanish colonial forces.

8 AUGUST

Anti-US Imperialist Democrat William J. Bryan 

1900 - One and one-half years into the  Philippine-American War (1899-1914), Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryans makes his acceptance speech condemning the United States invasion of the Philippines as an egregious deviation from the most sacred  traditions and principles supposedly held by the Bald Eagle nation; in his speech entirely devoted to the impropriety and adverse effects of American imperialism. he says that: “There can be no doubt that we did so we had full knowledge that they were fighting for their own independence, and I submit that history furnishes no example of greater turpitude than ours if we now substitute our yoke for the Spanish yoke”; Bryan, who would never win the US presidency but would become a leading "anti-imperialist," also believes that if the Americans were to "govern [the Filipinos] without their consent ... we dare not educate them, lest they learn to read the Declaration of Independence and Constitution of the United States and mock us for our inconsistency"; over two years earlier during the second phase of the Philippine Revolution that intersected with the Spanish-American War, Admiral George Dewey forged an "alliance" with Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy in fighting Spain, with the latter and other Bald Eagle military and diplomatic officials taking turns in conning Aguinaldo into believing that the U.S. will honor the independence of the Filipinos.

7 AUGUST

1943 - The 1943 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines during the Japanese Occupation is drafted, creating a Republican state with a powerful executive branch, the President to be elected by the National Assembly from among themselves, and subordinate legislative and judicial branches and requiring for, among others,  the development of Tagalog as the national language; drafted by the Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI) headed by Jose P. Laurel in a manner conforming with the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, the 1943 Charter will not be recognized by the American colonial Commonwealth government in-exile during World War II.

1898 - As part of, or leading to, the  infamous Mock Battle of Manila six days later wherein the imperialist-in-the-making Bald Eagle nation that would falsely make it appear that the Americans, instead of the Filipino revolutionaries, are responsible for defeating the Spanish colonial forces in the Southeast Asian archipelago and the capital, Admiral Dewey and General Merritt, through the British Vice Consul, H.A. Ramsden, supposedly issue a joint ultimatum to the Spanish authorities stating that “the land and naval forces of the United States would commence operations against the defenses of Manila at any time after the expiration of the forty-eight hours from the hour of receipt by you of this communication;” while the American generals ask the Spanish Captain-General to remove non-combatants from Manila before the Americans start bombarding Manila, the two colonial forces will sign the Peace Protocol to halt Spanish-American War hostilities and  'authorizing' the Bald Eagle nation to occupy and hold the city, bay, and harbor of Manila pending the conclusion of a treaty set to  define the control, disposition, and government of the Philippines on August 12, a day before the staged Mock Battle;  Dewey had some three or four months earlier forged an alliance with Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, the leader of the second phase of the Philippine Revolution against Spain; with the deceptive promises of Dewey and other military and diplomatic American officials as to honoring Philippine independence, Aguinaldo would even stupidly allow the free entry of GI's into the archipelago, allowing the Bald Eagle forces to position for what would be  the eventual invasion  of the archipelago, triggering the bloody and protracted Philippine-American War (1899-1914).


Image credit: http://img108.imageshack.us/i/bookiw3.jpg/

6 AUGUST

1907 - Gen. Macario Sakay, one of the Filipino military leaders who had continued fighting the imperialist United States invaders eight years into the Philippine-American War (1899-1914), is meted out the death sentence; essentially based on the ideals and principles of the underground-society-turned-revolutionary-government Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang manga Anak nang Bayan (KKK) during the Philippine Revolution against Spain,  Sakay had established the Republika ng Katagalugan (entire Philippines) with a popularly backed guerrilla operations in Morong, Laguna, Cavite and Quezon in patriotic defiance of the colonial American government, was deceived by colonial Gov.-Gen. Henry Clay Ide who made it appear that Sakay's  his surrender was necessary to give way to the election of an all-Filipino Philippine Assembly legislature and also promised him and his supporters amnesty.

1898 -  Generals Artemio Ricarte and Pio del Pilar express their misgivings to President Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy as to the real nature of American policy towards the Philippines; this as Aguinaldo issues a proclamation to the United States and all foreign governments explaining the nature and scope of the Revolutionary Government and the proclamation of country's independence by provincial representatives, begging for the protection of all nations of the civilized world and beseeching their formal recognition of the state of belligerence and the independence of the Philippines;” by February 4 the following year, the imperialist-in-the-making Bald Eagle nation will instigate the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914) and will eventually successfully invade and occupy the Southeast Asian nation until 1946 when it will "grant" the Philippines independence (but not before ensuring its neocolonial status through through agreements and  treaties aimed at manipulating and controlling Filipinos' political and economic lives.

5 AUGUST

President Manuel Roxas, who campaigned for Parity Rights,
 w/ American Clark Air Base Officials

1946 - The Congress of the Philippines ratifies the Treaty of General Relations entered into by and between the Republic of the Philippines and its former colonizer, the United States, on July 4, 1946; the Treaty is crafted in such a way that it makes room for arrangements that allow continued imperialist American military, political and economic hold on the Southeast Asian archipelago, as  to be expressed in the 1947 Parity Amendment to the 1935 Constitution giving US citizens equal rights with the Filipinos in the exploitation of Philippine natural resources, and the 1947 Military Bases and Military Assistance pacts that give allowed U.S. access to 22 military, naval, and air bases in the Philippines which were to be superseded by the Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement and the Mutual Defense Treaty.

4 AUGUST

Military flag of Spanish Empire from 16th to mid 18th century

1625 - Gov. Fernando de Silva, appointed successor to  Gov. Alonso Fajardo de Tenza in colonial Philippines,  notifies King Philip IV of Spain of his arrival in the  islands and reports the condition of affairs, including:  his recommendation for the restoration of the captive Ternatan king; his intent to very severely punish the  rebellion in Cagayan; abandonment of the attempt at  working the Igorrote gold mines; request for greater  authority to restrain the lawless religious who ignores  the civil authorities; and his hope to obtain the  needed ships to defend their Philippine possession  against the powerful Dutch fleet has actually already reached Ternate.


1898 -  Some nine days prior to the infamous Mock Battle of Manila that would falsely make it appear that the Americans, instead of the Filipino revolutionaries, defeated the Spanish colonial forces in the Southeast Asian archipelago and the capital, Manila, Consul Oscar F. Williams of the emerging imperialist United States cables American Secretary of State William R. Day to report that he has tried to convince Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy that American rule over the Philippines will supposedly bring greater honor, progress, and profit to the natives compared to any scheme the Filipino leader and his advisers can ever devise; William add that he is on better terms with Aguinaldo than the American military commanders are with Aguinaldo, the leader of the second phase of the Philippine Revolution who has stupidly forged an "alliance" with U.S. Admiral George Dewey, believing his and other American military and diplomatic officials' verbal deceptive promises that the Bald Eagle nation will honor Philippine independence; apparently realizing that the imperialist Americans have him duped, Aguinaldo--who weeks earlier even ridiculously instructed his men to allow the G.I.'s to freely enter the archipelago--he will try to 'negotiate' Filipinos' independence; the Mock Battle of Manila will form the prelude to the baseless December 1898 Treaty of Paris where by that time,  the virtually expelled Spaniards will supposedly "cede" the Philippines to imperialist America, ultimately leading to the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914).

3 AUGUST

1900 - One and one-half years into the American  invasion (Filipino-American War, 1899-1914), President of the Philippine  Republic-on-the-run Emilio Aguinaldo issues a  manifesto appealing to appealing to his people  not to listen to the Filipino collaborators but to fight ceaselessly for their rights until victory against the imperialist enemy is achieved and independence won and recognized.

Gen. Vicente Lucban flanked by imperialist American captors

1901 - exactly a year later, following the capture of several officials and their subsequent swearing of  fealty to the imperialist Bald Eagle nation, including Aguinaldo,  Gen. Ambrosio Mojica, Gen. Vicente Lukban of the Samar-Leyte command issues a  proclamation, part of which says: 

"Nothing, in truth,  is more natural than that we should continue the  struggle, whatever be the obstacles placed in our way  and despite the capture of him who was our  generals;… We should let the world know that the  Philippine army is captured, another at once comes  forward and succeeds him; that we fight, not at the  suggestion of others, but because of our own personal  convictions; and that, finally, we are worthy of  independence and of universal respect, because we  know our rights and how to die in their defense…"

1898 - In a speech at Kawit in Cavite province, Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the fledgling Philippine Republic, pleads with local officials to keep unity, peace, and upright conduct; the appeal comes amidst apprehensions expressed by Felipe Agoncillo and Apolinario Mabini, Aguinaldo's diplomatic official and key adviser, respectively, over the former's supposed "alliance" with the Americans, with some Filipino soldiers already thinking at that point they they might need to fight a war with the pale-skinned US forces.


Photo credit: http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/thelastholdouts.htm