15 AUGUST

Gen. Mariano Trias

1898 - Two days after the Mock Battle of Manila between Spanish and American forces, the imperialist Bald Eagle nation lay the civilian framework for the invasion of the Philippines by assigning military officers to duty to assume civil government in the City of Manila and the district of Cavite; the development came  a day after the imperialist United States began its colonial propaganda efforts through Gen. Wesley Merritt's proclamation calling on the Filipinos not to resist US invasion, three days after the Peace Protocol between Spain and the US, and some three months after American officials deceived Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, the ambitious President of the fledgling Philippine Republic, into believing that their government will honor the independence of the Southeast Asian archipelago amidst the Filipino soldiers' virtual victory against the Spanish colonial forces.


-- exactly two years later, on August 15, 1900, one and one-half years into the Filipino-American War, after the fledgling Philippine Republican Army has been disbanded into guerrilla units, Aguinaldo will issue a circular to Gen. Mariano Trias asking the latter to reorganize the old revolutionary movement, the KKK (Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan  nang manga Anak nang Bayan) because it is seen as a great help in defense of motherland and in ending gambling and other vices.

14 AUGUST

Imperialist American Gen. Wesley Merritt
begins the Propaganda 6 Months before
the Philippine-American War

1898 - The imperialist United States begins its propaganda efforts as part of the looming invasion of the Philippine archipelago, a day after the infamous Mock Battle of Manila; Gen. Wesley Merritt proclaims in English, Tagalog, and Spanish that Americans supposedly did not come "to wage war" upon the Filipinos but to "protect them in their homes, in their employments, and in their personal and religious rights"--understood to be contingent, of course, on the natives' unpatriotic acceptance of the Bald Eagle nation's colonization of the islands; the proclamation came some three months after American officials first verbally conned Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo into believing the US will honor Philippine Independence, came five weeks after Gen. Thomas M. Anderson asked for Filipinos' military cooperation against Spain and after Aguinaldo most stupidly ordered his soldiers "not to interfere" and allow American forces to enter the native territory, came two days after Spain and the US signed the Peace Protocol 'authorizing' the latter to occupy and hold the city, bay, and harbor of Manila pending the conclusion of a treaty set to  define the control, disposition, and government of the Philippines, and some six months before the start of the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War. 

13 AUGUST

Imperialist American soldiers enter Manila, August 13, 1898

1898 - The "Mock Battle of Manila" occurs between Spanish and American forces, a day after the signing of the Protocol of Peace, as part of the two powers' imperialistic, shoddy and detestably anti-democratic deal to transfer Spanish colonial possessions to the United States, thus depriving  thus depriving Filipinos of their rightful revolutionary victory against colonial Spain; President Emilio Aguinaldo of the still-in-revolution Philippine Republic, who was conned into cooperating with the Americans against Spain on mere verbal assurances that the US will honor Philippine Independence, earlier stupidly allowed the free entry of American soldiers in the Southeast Asian archipelago starting two months earlier in June, thus delaying what should have been the Filipino's victory in Intramuros, the colonial seat of Spanish power--this, despite the fact that Filipino revolutionaries had already encircled Manila.
  


Photo credit: http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/mockbattleofmanila.htm

12 AUGUST

Colonial Spain & Imperialist United States sign
 the Protocol of Peace in Washington

1898 - Filipinos' rightful and moral aspirations for sovereignty is doomed with the signing of the Peace Protocol between colonial Spain and emerging imperialist power, the United States, in Washington; the agreement halts further hostilities between the two powers and largely sets the terms for the formal peace Treaty of Paris that was to be signed two months later which will stipulate, among others, Spain's ceding of the Philippines in exchange for $20 million--this, despite the fact that the Filipinos has already declared independence from Spain after gaining control of most of the archipelago, and with the shoddy Americans accepting and utilizing the services of the Filipinos in helping overcome the Spaniards during the Spanish-American War. 


Photo credit: http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/zoomify.asp?id=2242&type=g&width=640&height=480&hideAlt=1

11 AUGUST

Imperialist United States soldiers march to Manila

1898 - The camp of Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo, which has already seized control of most of the archipelago away from the Spanish colonial forces, finally realizes that the Yankees are preparing to take the city of Manila as Filipino forces besieging Intramuros notice a general movement among American militia units; five weeks earlier, Aguinaldo has stupidly ordered his soldiers  "not to interfere" with the American forces which have been entering the country following American officers' deceptive assurances that the US is in sympathy with the independist cause of the Filipinos; within six months, the imperialist United States will invade the Philippines, with the ensuring Filipino-American War to be latter dubbed by certain historians as the "First Vietnam."

Photo credit: Filipiniana.net

10 AUGUST

Antonio Ma. Regidor, Diplomat 

1898 - Spanish-blooded Filipino Antonio Ma. J. Regidor becomes a member of the Executive Board of the Hong Kong Junta tasked with seeking international recognition of Philippine sovereignty following the June 12 declaration of Independence against colonial Spain;  Regidor, who will be part of the Agoncillo missions that will present the Philippine case before the United States Congress, believe that the only real and enduring tie between Filipinos and Americans are commercial in nature, and will advocate financial and economic, but not political/colonial, relations with the US. 

9 AUGUST

Pedro A. Paterno, turncoat 2x

1897 - Filipino illustrado Pedro  A. Paterno offers to mediate a peace pact between the revolutionary forces now led by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and the Spanish colonial regime under Gov. Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera, supposedly necessary to bring about a new series of reforms to assure Philippine prosperity, which would result to the Pact of Biak-na-Bato; the mediation of Paterno, who would later be the second Prime Minister of the fledgling First Republic, would also be regarded in history  as an infamous turncoat siding with the colonial Spaniards and later the imperialist Americans.

8 AUGUST

Anti-US Imperialist Democrat William J. Bryan

1900 - One and one-half years into the  Philippine-American War (1899-1914), Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryans makes his acceptance speech condemning the United States invasion of the Philippines as an egregious deviation from the most sacred  traditions and principles supposedly held by the Bald Eagle nation; in his speech entirely devoted to the impropriety and adverse effects of American imperialism. he says that: “There can be no doubt that we did so we had full knowledge that they were fighting for their own independence, and I submit that history furnishes no example of greater turpitude than ours if we now substitute our yoke for the Spanish yoke”; Bryan, who would never win the US presidency but would become a leading "anti-imperialist," also believes that if the Americans were to "govern [the Filipinos] without their consent ... we dare not educate them, lest they learn to read the Declaration of Independence and Constitution of the United States and mock us for our inconsistency."

7 AUGUST

1943 - The 1943 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines during the Japanese Occupation is drafted, creating a Republican state with a powerful executive branch, the President to be elected by the National Assembly from among themselves, and subordinate legislative and judicial branches and requiring for, among others,  the development of Tagalog as the national language; drafted by the Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI) headed by Jose P. Laurel in a manner conforming with the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, the 1943 Charter will not be recognized by the American colonial Commonwealth government in-exile during World War II.


1898 - As part of the  infamous Mock Battle of Manila wherein the imperialist-in-the-making that would falsely make it appear that the Americans, instead of the Filipino revolutionaries, are responsible for defeating the Spanish colonial forces in the Southeast Asian archipelago and the capital, Admiral Dewey and General Merritt, through the British Vice Consul, H.A. Ramsden, supposedly issue a joint ultimatum to the Spanish authorities stating that “the land and naval forces of the United States would commence operations against the defenses of Manila at any time after the expiration of the forty-eight hours from the hour of receipt by you of this communication.” They ask the Spanish Captain-General to remove non-combatants from the City of Manila before the Americans start bombarding the City.

Image credit: http://img108.imageshack.us/i/bookiw3.jpg/

6 AUGUST

1907 - Gen. Macario Sakay, one of the Filipino military leaders who continued fighting the imperialist United States invaders eight years into the Philippine-American War (1899-1914), was meted out the death sentence; Sakay, who had established the Republika ng Katagalugan (entire Philippines) with a popularly backed guerilla operations in Morong, Laguna, Cavite and Quezon in defiance of the colonial American government, was deceived by colonial Gov.-Gen. Henry Clay Ide who said his surrender was necessary to give way to the election of an all-Filipino Philippine Assembly legislature and also promised him and his supporters amnesty.

1898 -  Generals Artemio Ricarte and Pio del Pilar express their misgivings to Emilio Aguinaldo about the true nature of American policy towards the Philippines; this as Aguinaldo issues a proclamation to the United States and all foreign governments explaining the nature and scope of the Revolutionary Government and the proclamation of country's independence by provincial represenatatives, begging for the protection of all nations of the civilized world and beseeching their formal recognition of the state of belligerence and the independence of the Philippines.”

5 AUGUST

President Manuel Roxas, who campaigned for Parity Rights,
 w/ American Clark Air Base Officials

1946 - The Congress of the Philippines ratifies the Treaty of General Relations entered into by and between the Republic of the Philippines and its former colonizer, the United States, on July 4, 1946; the Treaty is crafted in such a way that it makes room for arrangements that allow continued imperialist American military, political and economic hold on the Southeast Asian archipelago, as  to be expressed in the 1947 Parity Amendment to the 1935 Constitution giving US citizens equal rights with the Filipinos in the exploitation of Philippine natural resources, and the 1947 Military Bases and Military Assistance pacts, which were to be superseded by the Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement and the Mutual Defense Treaty that.

4 AUGUST

Military flag of Spanish Empire from 16th to mid 18th century

1625 - Gov. Fernando de Silva, appointed successor to  Gov. Alonso Fajardo de Tenza in colonial Philippines,  notifies King Philip IV of Spain of his arrival in the  islands and reports the condition of affairs, including:  his recommendation for the restoration of the captive Ternatan king; his intent to very severely punish the  rebellion in Cagayan; abandonment of the attempt at  working the Igorrote gold mines; request for greater  authority to restrain the lawless religious who ignores  the civil authorities; and his hope to obtain the  needed ships to defend their Philippine possession  against the powerful Dutch fleet has actually already reached Ternate.


1898 - American Consul Oscar F. Williams cables U.S. Secretary of State William R. Day to report that he has tried to convince Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo that American rule over the Philippines will supposedly bring greater honor, progress, and profit to the natives compared to any scheme the Filipino leader and his advisers can ever devise, adding that he is on better terms with Aguinaldo than the American military commanders are.

3 AUGUST

Gen. Vicente Lucban flanked by imperialist American captors

1900 - One and one-half years into the American  invasion, President of the Philippine  Republic-on-the-run Emilio Aguinaldo issues a  manifesto appealing to appealing to his countrymen  not to listen to the Filipino collaborators but to fight ceaselessly for their rights until victory against the enemy is achieved and independence won  and recognized; exactly a year later, after the capture of several officials and their subsequent swearing of  fealty to the imperialist Bald Eagle nation, including Aguinaldo,  Gen. Ambrosio Mojica, Gen. Vicente Lukban of the Samar-Leyte command issues a  proclamation, part of which says: "Nothing, in truth,  is more natural than that we should continue the  struggle, whatever be the obstacles placed in our way  and despite the capture of him who was our  generals;… We should let the world know that the  Philippine army is captured, another at once comes  forward and succeeds him; that we fight, not at the  suggestion of others, but because of our own personal  convictions; and that, finally, we are worthy of  independence and of universal respect, because we  know our rights and how to die in their defense…"

-- 1898 - In a speech at Kawit in Cavite province, Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the fledgling Philippine Republic, pleads with local officials to keep unity, peace, and upright conduct; the appeal comes amidst apprehensions expressed by Felipe Agoncillo and Apolinario Mabini, Aguinaldo's diplomatic official and key adviser, respectively, over the former's supposed "alliance" with the Americans, with some Filipino soldiers already thinking at that point they they might need to fight a war with the pale-skinned US forces.



Photo credit: http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/thelastholdouts.htm

2 AUGUST

Gen. Isidoro Torres

1900 - Gen. Isidoro Torres, the politico-military chief of Bulacan province, receives from Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Philippine Republic on the run during the Filipino-American War, a letter instructing him to adopt effective counter-measures against the imperialist American soldiers who make alluring offers to tempt the native soldiers to abandon the fight for the sovereignty of their motherland; during the inauguration of the Philippine Republic on January 23, 1899, Torres led a 6,000-strong army that marched in the historic parade, which occurred just under two weeks before the imperialist American nation began its invasion of the Southeast Asian archipelago.

Photo credit: http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/collapse1901.htm

1 AUGUST

President Manuel L. Quezon (1878-1944)

 1898 - The Act proclaiming Philippine  Independence is proclaimed in Bacoor, Cavite  during the first convention of town/municipal  presidents that included representatives from Tanguay, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Morong,  Pampanga, Manila, Tarlac, Bulacan, Batangas,  Bataan, Infanta, Union, Pangasinan, Zambales,  Tayabas, and Mindoro; ironically, as the act declares that the Philippine Revolution against Spain is a rational and legitimate action of the Filipino people, who are valiantly defending their national pride and dignity, and asks all foreign governments to recognize the Filipino nation and its sovereignty, during the very same day, the troops of the imperialist United States earlier  freely allowed to enter the country (by a gullible  Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo) are organized into a division commanded by Gen. Thomas Anderson, later to take part in the undemocratic American invasion of the Philippines and commence the bloody Filipino-American War.


1944 - Manuel Luis Quezon, first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under the colonial occupation of the  imperialist United States, dies from tuberculosis at Saranac Lake, New York during World War II while the Southeast Asian country was under Japanese Occupation.