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Anti-imperialist Sen. George F. Hoar |
1899 - Sen. George F. Hoar of the United States submits what would be an unsuccessful resolution to his country's Congress declaring that the Philippines should be free and independent; Hoar's resolution comes some three weeks after the invasion.cum. benevolent assimilation' proclamation of Bald Eagle nation President William McKinley claiming American "sovereignty" and ordering the "immediate occupation"
of the former Spanish colony in Southeast Asia; Hoar, a prominent
senator from Concord Massachusetts, is an anti-imperialist who denounces
the ferocious issue of American imperialism, both in the Philippines
and in Puerto Rico; Hoar would be almost alone trying
to prevent the imperialist course of his country and countering the
voraciously vile pro-imperialist, Sen. Albert J. Beveridge who defends
the supposed right of America to subjugate 'savage peoples and foreign governments' leading to the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914).
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1899 - Gen. Emilio F. Aguinaldo, leader of the fledgling Philippine Republic, enumerates the reward to be given to those
who would risk their lives fighting for the independence of the
country amidst the enemy United States' proclamation of aggression ("Benevolent Assimilation"); in response to yesterday's telegraph by Gen. Manuel Noriel and Col. Juan Cailles which
asks for his earlier ultimatum against the imperialist United States
and terms or rewards the government has scheduled, Aguinaldo writes: "Those who would be heroes will have a large quantity of money, extraordinary rewards, promotions,
crosses of Biyak-na-bato, Marquis of Malate, Ermita, Count of Manila,
etc. besides the congratulations of our worshipful country for their
patriotism. The ultimatum has not been sent, but it will be within a few
days"; eight days earlier, upon learning of the full contents of Bald Eagle
President McKinley's aggression proclamation, Aguinaldo issued a counter-proclamation but which he soon softened by withdrawing the "open hostilities" phrase in another counter-proclamation.
Photo credits:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_Frisbie_Hoar_-_Brady-Handy.jpg
http://www1.assumption.edu/users/lknoles/twaincartoons.html
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