1 SEPTEMBER

Katipunan co-founder-turned-coward?

1896 - Pio Valenzuela y Alejandrino, a co-founder of the secret-society-turned-revolutionary-national-government Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan,  surrenders to the Spanish colonial authorities to avail of an amnesty even as Supremo Andres Bonifacio y de Castro and other Katipuneros risk their lives fighting the colonizers, armed mostly only with spears and bolos; Valenzuela was a graduating medical student before joining the KKK and becoming close friend with Bonifacio and taking part in important decisions during underground stage of the Katipunan; during the American occupation, Valenzuela will be imprisoned once more for being a radical propagandist before being co-opted by the Bald Eagle imperialists, being made municipal council president of Polo and later becoming a governor of Bulacan for two terms; before his death at a ripe old age in 1956, he wrote his memoirs of the Katipunan that would prove significant in providing insights into the thoughts of the first revolutionary President/Supremo Bonifacio and filling in important details of the Himagsikan, including Jose Rizal's rejection/hesitancy, as well as advice, with regards the Philippine Revolution.


1901 - Two and one-half years into the Philippine-American War (1899-1914), oustpoken pro-Americans Trinidad Pardo de Tavera and Benito Legarda Sr., a.k.a. Filipino traitors, are appointed as members of the American colonial body euphemistically called the "Philippine Commission" [translation: United States colonial commission to help colonize the Philippines].

- Martin Ocampo publishes the anti-American daily, El Renacimiento, which would turn out to be the most influential newspaper in Manila in the early 20th century; with its first issue coming out two days later, El Renacimiento has as its editor, Rafael Palma, a journalist and lawyer who was part of the La Independencia, the successful newspaper Gen. Antono Luna established in September 1898 during the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution against Spain going into the Philippine-American War (1899-1914). 


1803 - Spanish King Charles IV orders the use of the smallpox vaccine in its Southeast Asian colony, the Philippines; in three years time, the office of Small pox Vaccine would be created through another decree.