1894 - Filipino revolutionary Andres Bonifacio y de Castro presides over a meeting of directors of the underground revolutionary society Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan (KKK) during
the Spanish colonial period, with treasurer Feliciano Jocson
presenting him a record of the collections forwarded by the
representative-directors of the Katipunan Supreme Council then headed
by Ramon Basa; Bonifacio, a self-taught orphan, is an influential member/co-founder of the Katipunan and earlier intervened to replace the first society's president before himself becoming its Supremo (leader) in 1895 and subsequently leading the Philippine Revolution against colonial Spain beginning August 1896.
1866 - Artemio Ricarte y Garcia , future Filipino revolutionary
general who will valiantly fight against both the Spaniards and
imperialist American invaders, is born in Batac, Ilocos Norte;
the life of Ricarte, also known as "Vibora" (viper), will be marked
by his uncompromising principles: firstly, he at least initially refused to take his oath of office
as Capt.-Gen. in Gen. Emilio F. Aguinaldo's revolutionary government
that formed following the anomalous Tejeros Convention which unseated
Andres Bonifacio y de Castro as Supremo of the Philippine revolutionary movement;
secondly, Ricarte never took the oath of allegiance
to the imperialist United States flag unlike Aguinaldo and most of the
latter's generals following their capture or surrender during the Filipino-American War (1899-1914); thirdly, despite his six years of imprisonment and multiple Bald Eagle offers of handsome compensation,
Ricarte never gave his loyalty to the enemy American invaders, costing
him many years of exile before returning briefly to the country in World
War II before eventually dying in a foreign land in Japan).
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