14 OCTOBER

1896 - Approximately 150 Filipinos suspected of involvement in the Philippine  Revolution against Spain are boarded on  SS Manila for exile to Fernando Po island (in Equatorial Guinea);  some six weeks earlier, revolutionists,  members of the secret society-turned-revolutionary-government Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang  manga Anak nang  Bayan (KKK) led by Supremo Andres Bonifacio y de Castro began the revolution  against the over-three-centuries-long  colonial rule, with the Spanish  governor-general and other officials  harshly responding with the imposition of  martial rule, widespread arrests and  execution of native patriots.

1899 - The official organ of the fledgling  Philippine Republic, Gaceta de Filipinas  (originally El Heraldo de la Revolucion),  comes out with its final issue as the  imperialist American invaders close in on  the Philippine government-on-the-run led  by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo eight months into what will prove to be a bloodily protracted Philippine American War (1899-1914); having been successively renamed from El Heraldo de la Revolucion  to Indice Oficial, to Gaceta de Filipinas,  the official newspaper penned by Filipinos such as Rafael Palma, Cecilio Apostol,  Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Epifanio de los  Santos and Salvador del Rosario using  their nom de plume came out with its first  issue on September 29, 1898 some two  weeks following the Opening of the  Malolos Congress set to draft what would  be Asia's first republican constitution. 
 

Inauguration of the 2nd Philippine Republic

1943 - The Second Republic of the  Philippines with Jose P. Laurel as  President is inaugurated during World  War II under the sponsorship of the  Japanese, briefly supplanting American colonial rule; on the same day, Laurel's  government signs the first foreign treaty  of the Philippines, the Japan-Philippine Pact of Alliance that provides for political  and economic cooperation, as well as  military, cooperation between Japan and  the Philippines. 


Photo credit: http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/captureofaguinaldo1901.htm