25 AUGUST

Andres Bonifacio & Tandang Sora (Melchora Aquino)

1896 - The first encounter of the Philippine Revolution against colonial Spain occurs at the barn of Melchora Aquino in Caloocan when Spanish civil guards and infantrymen opened fire at the temporary headquarters of the Katipuneros six days after the official discovery of the underground revolutionary movement, the Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang  manga Anak nang Bayan (KKK); occurring a day after the National Assembly (Kataastaasang Kapulungan) that transformed the KKK into a revolutionary national government and declared a nationwide armed revolution of independence, Supremo Andres Bonifacio successfully leads the counterattack of fellow Katipuneros, forcing the outnumbered Spaniards to retreat. ; a similar incident transpires in Pasong Tamo, with forces of the colonial Spaniards and that of the Katipunan revolutionary government (Haring Bayang Katagalugan/Republika ng Katagalugan).

1901 - Filipino nationalists and officers of the Philippine Republic, Apolinario Mabini y Maranan, along with his brother, and Gen. Artemio Ricarte y Garcia, and Aquilino Randeza remain unyielding in their loyalty to the Filipino flag and their compatriots, refusing to swear allegiance to the imperialist United States flag and/or Constitution even as their exiled companions in Guam yield to the pressures of invading American authorities and take their oaths before the symbol(s) of the Bald Eagle nation; Mabini and Ricarte are high-ranking officers of the Philippine Republic who were caught, imprisoned and exiled by the enemy American forces following the outbreak of the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914) in February 1899.


Photo credit: http://www.qcpubliclibrary.org/qcmanuscript.php