1941 - Manila, Philippines is declared an "open city" by colonial US Gen. Douglas MacArthur in the bid to spare it from ground and air attacks by invading Japanese forces during World War II.
1985 - Dian Fossey is found murdered in her camp in Rwanda; her zoological work, including the book "Gorillas in the Mist," added immensely to the knowledge about gorillas.
1990 - Fatwa on Salman Rushdie, author of "The Satanic Verses," is uphold by Iran's Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; the legal opinion calls for the death sentence on Rushdie for his book's alleged blasphemous attack against Islamic prophet Mohammed.
2004 - More than 10,000 people are killed by the Asian tsunami caused by an earthquake that occurred under the Indian Ocean.
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