1897 - Andres Bonifacio y de Castro, co-founder and Supreme President of the secret-society-turned-revolutionary-government Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan during the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule, along with his brother Procopio, is declared "guilty"of trumped-up charges by the seditious group of Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, to be punished by being shot to death; Aguinaldo, whose Magdalo camp earlier held the fraudulent
and scandalous Tejeros Convention and subsequently took his oath of
office as "President" under surreptitious circumstances (and without
informing Bonifacio who won as Interior Secretary) in the bid to hide their activity from the rival Magdiwang
faction, earlier engineered the power grab against the Supremo,
subsequently ordering his capture, dead or alive, and court martial that would be regarded as a 'kangaroo court' trial owing to how the appointed defense lawyer, Placido Martinez, also acted as being a judge and
condemned, instead of defended, the Supremo; Bonifacio, who was shot
at, and almost killed by stabbing only a week earlier, was
seditiously charged with contriving to supposedly overthrow the newly
formed revolutionary government of Aguinaldo formed on the basis of the Tejeros Convention but which was nullified by the Supremo and 40 other Katipuneros through the Acta de Tejeros;
the day before, Bonifacio testified that he did not know of the
existence of any other revolutionary government (other than the
Katipunan) because Aguinaldo was not validly elected, as partly based on the statement of Artemio Ricarte and that he was unaware if any oath-taking has taken place; Council of War members who sign
the decision, for forwarding to Aguinaldo, are Mariano Noriel, the
Council President, Tomas Mascardo, and Esteban Ynfante, attested to by
Council Secretary Lazaro Makapagal; Apolinario Mabini y Maranan, future
Prime Minister of Aguinaldo's government, will later castigate the
decision and subsequent execution of the Supremo, saying that Aguinaldo is "primarily answerable for insubordination against the head of the Katipunan [Bonifacio] of which he was a member."
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Japanese PM Hidezi Tozyo (WW II) |
1943 - Japan's Premier General Hideki Tozyo
makes a personal visit to Manila during the Japanese Occupation in
World War II, being presented with the Resolution of Gratitude of the
Filipino people's supposed appreciation for the "tangible and positive progress toward national unity,
spiritual rejuvenation, and economic rehabilitation" helped wrought by
the Japanese Military Administration in building a New Philippines;
the resolution presented in Luneta, Manila, was graced by the speeches
of Philippine Executive Commission Chairman Jorge B. Vargas and Commissioner of the Interior Jose P. Laurel (who would later serve as President during the Japanese-sponsored Republic); Japan
had invaded the Philippines, which has been a colony of the
imperialist Unites States for some four (4) decades, during their
so-called December 1941-May 1942 Philippine Campaign,
with the numerically superior defenders able to hold out for months
but still succumbing to the Japanese might during what is termed the Pacific
theater of the Second World War.
Photo credit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hideki_Tojo.jpg
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