1948 - Philippine President Manuel Roxas grants amnesty to everyone accused of collaboration with the Japanese during World War II; the beneficiaries include President Jose P. Laurel and his entire cabinet that served during the Japanese Occupation period.
1918 - Civil war breaks out in Finland following the country's proclamation of independence from Russia; the Russian Bolshevik-supported Reds will triumph over the anti-Bolshevik Whites.
1986 - The American space shuttle Challenger explodes 73 seconds after take-off, killing everyone on board; an investigative commission to be appointed by US President Ronald Reagan will later determine that the disaster is caused by the failure of the elastic "O-ring" seal in a solid-fuel rocket to properly function owing to the cold temperature at launch.
2005 - Jedudo (Jeju Island), the biggest island south of the Korean peninsula, is designated the "Island of World Peace" in the bid to promote peace in the northeastern part of Asia; the volcanic island has historically been marked by a tradition of peace.
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