1901 - Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo asks Isabela province' military commander for reinforcements as the imperialist American forces advance towards Palanan in big numbers.
1942 - The Japanese change the code utilized in their U-boats--from Enigma to Shark, giving British intelligence a serious setback during World War II.
1979 - Iran's religious leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, returns to Iran following 14 years of exile; the Shia Muslim leader was imprisoned in 1963 and later expelled for his opposition to reforms then being instituted by the American-backed Shah.
2003 - Seven American astronauts are killed when the Columbia space shuttle breaks up and disintegrates upon reentering the Earth's atmosphere over Texas; an investigation committee would pin the blame on breach of the heat shield that occurred as the shuttle took off two weeks earlier.
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