13 MAY

1943 - The Director-General gives instructions during the Second Oath-Taking Ceremony of former USAFFE officers and men during the Japanese Occupation in World War II; the three cardinal requirements for achieving Philippine independence are given to the Filipinos, with the Director-General concluding his address by encouraging them to be the foundation for the establishment or the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.

1830 - The Republic of Ecuador is created as it breaks away from Gran Colombia, with Juan Flores being named supreme chief and, later, provisional president; Flores, whose official term will begin in September of the same year, will face the rebellion by Luis Urdaneta, a loyalist of Simon Bolivar.

1965 - The Big Bang theory of the Universe gets a boost when radio Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, of Bell Laboratories inadvertently discovers a source of irremovable static in a sensitive microwave antenna in Holmdel, New Jersey; Robert Dicke and David Wilkinson at nearby Princeton University would later inform Penzias and Wilson that what they have discovered is the  microwave background of radiation that exists as a remnant of the Big Bang.

1968 - French workers join students protests in Paris for the first time with a one-day general strike as the 800,000-strong demonstrators demand for the fall of Charles de Gaulle's government; the demonstrators, who were also protesting police brutality during the rioting that occured the past few days when Prime Minister Georges Pompidou sent in the infamous CRS riot police force to deal with the student mass action.