11 APRIL

1899 - Two months after the Philippines-American War began, the Treaty of Paris by which Spain supposedly 'cedes' its former colony, the Philippines to the United States is ratified by the US Senate; months earlier, the combination of Filipino revolutionary soldiers and American navy power had effectively driven out the Spanish colonizers but the Republican administration of William McKinley has begun steering the US towards an imperialist course that would victimize not only the Philippines but, as well, Guam, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Northen Mariana Islands,  American Samoa and, for a time, Cuba, during the early part of the 20th century.

1814 - French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, one of the greatest military leaders in history, abdicates the throne, and, in accord with the the Treaty of Fontainebleau, is banished to the Mediterranean island of Elba; almost a year later in 1815, he would be able to escape and return to Paris and reclaim the title Napoleon I for a period referred to a Hundred Days, only to end in French defeat in the Battle of Waterloo.

1961 - Nazi war crimes trial for Adolf Eichman, accused of aiding Adolf Hitler in the extermination of Jews during World War II, starts in Israel; Eichmann, who was able to avoid the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, will be found guilty on all 15 charges of crimes against humanity, etc.. eight months later and will subsequently be hanged in a prison near Tel Aviv.

1979 - Idi Amin Dada, military dictator and President of Uganda for eight years, is deposed by a combined force of Tanzanian and Uganda soldiers despite the the backing provided by Libya's Muammar al-Gaddafi; Amin's reign has been marked by human rights abuses, political repression, ethnic persecution, extrajudicial killings, nepotism, corruption and gross economic mismanagement, human rights abuses, political repression, ethnic persecution, extrajudicial killings, nepotism, corruption and gross economic mismanagement.